| 原文 | 译文 | 详情 |
|---|---|---|
| 忠 | loyalty | - |
| 治大国若烹小鲜 | Governing a big country is like cooking small fish. | - |
| 直 | rectitude | - |
| 知先行后 | first knowledge, then action | - |
| 知行合一 | unity of knowledge and action | - |
| 知耻而后勇 | having a feeling of shame gives rise to courage | - |
| 政者正也 | Governance means rectitude. | - |
| 正心 | rectify one’s heart | - |
| 正心 | rectify one’s mind | - |
| 正名 | rectification of names | - |
| 载舟覆舟 | carry or overturn the boat | - |
| 载舟覆舟 | make or break | - |
| 与民更始 | make a fresh start with the people | - |
| 有容乃大 | A broad mind achieves greatness. | - |
| 以直报怨 | repaying a grudge with rectitude | - |
| 以无为本 | Wu is the origin. | - |
| 一物两体 | one thing in two fundamental states | - |
| 炎黄 | the Fiery Emperor and the Yellow Emperor / Emperor Yan and Emperor Huang | - |
| 言尽意 | Words can fully express thought. | - |
| 言不尽意 | Words cannot fully express thought. | - |
| 雅乐 | fine music | - |
| 循名责实 | hold actualities according to its name | - |
| 血气 | vitality | - |
| 血气 | vital force | - |
| 玄 | Xuan (mystery) | - |
| 行先知后 | first action, then knowledge | - |
| 心知 | mind cognition | - |
| 写意 | freehand brushwork | - |
| 小说 | fiction | - |
| 象 | Xiang (semblance) | - |
| 相反相成 | being both opposite and complementary | - |
| 无欲则刚 | People with no covetous desires stand upright. | - |
| 温故知新 | review the old and learn the new | - |
| 同归殊途 | arrive at the same destination via different routes | - |
| 同归殊途 | rely on a common ontological entity | - |
| 天下兴亡,匹夫有责 | The rise and fall of all under heaven is the responsibility of every individual. | - |
| 天命之性 | character endowed by heaven | - |
| 天命 | mandate of heaven | - |
| 天理 | natural law | - |
| 天道 | way of heaven | - |
| 太虚 | Taixu (great void) | - |
| 四海之内皆兄弟 | All the people within the four seas are brothers. | - |
| 恕 | being considerate | - |
| 恕 | being forgiveness | - |
| 授人以渔 | teaching how to fish | - |
| 师直为壮 | Troops will be powerful when fighting a just cause. | - |
| 诗 | Shi (poetry) | - |
| 慎思明辨 | careful reflection and clear discrimination | - |
| 慎独 | Shendu | - |
| 三思而行 | think thrice before acting | - |
| 三才 | the three elements | - |
| 三表 | three standards | - |
| 仁者爱人 | The benevolent person loves others. | - |
| 曲 | Qu (melody) | - |
| 求放心 | search for the lost heart | - |
| 前事不忘,后事之师 | Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future. | - |
| 气质之性 | character endowed by Qi (vital force) | - |
| 气骨 | Qigu (emotional vitality and forcefulness) | - |
| 器 | Qi (vessel) | - |
| 齐物 | seeing things as equal | - |
| 飘逸 | natural grace | - |
| 否极泰来 | When worse comes to the worst, things will turn for the better. | - |
| 内美 | inner beauty | - |
| 理一分殊 | There is but one Li (universal principle), which exists in diverse forms. | - |
| 礼尚往来 | reciprocity as a social norm | - |
| 旷达 | broad-mindedness | - |
| 旷达 | unconstrained style | - |
| 空灵 | ethereal effect | - |
| 尽心 | exert one’s heart | - |
| 尽心 | mind to the utmost | - |
| 鉴古知今 | review the past to understand the present | - |
| 见贤思齐 | When seeing a person of high caliber, strive to be his equal. | - |
| 见闻之知 | knowledge from one’s senses | - |
| 见利思义 | think of righteousness in the face of gain | - |
| 寄托 | entrusting | - |
| 浩然之气 | noble spirit | - |
| 公生明,廉生威 | Fairness fosters discernment and integrity creates authority. | - |
| 革故鼎新 | do away with the old and set up the new | - |
| 歌 | song | - |
| 刚柔相济 | combine toughness with softness | - |
| 芙蓉出水 | lotus rising out of water | - |
| 风教 | moral cultivation | - |
| 风骨 | Fenggu | - |
| 繁缛 | overly elaborative | - |
| 多行不义必自毙 | He who repeatedly commits wrongdoing will come to no good end. | - |
| 动静 | movement and stillness | - |
| 鼎 | Ding (vessel) | - |
| 典雅 | classical elegance | - |
| 德性之知 | knowledge from one’s moral nature | - |
| 得道多助,失道寡助 | A just cause enjoys abundant support while an unjust cause finds little support. | - |
| 道济天下 | support all people by upholding truth and justice | - |
| 当行 | professionalism | - |
| 淡泊明志,宁静致远 | Indifference to fame and fortune characterizes a high aim in life, and leading a quiet life helps on. | - |
| 淡泊 | quiet living with no worldly desire | - |
| 丹青 | painting in colors | - |
| 大用 | maximal functioning | - |
| 大体、小体 | the major organ and the minor organs | - |
| 大巧若拙 | Exquisite skill looks simple and clumsy. | - |
| 大道至简 | great truth in simple words | - |
| 错彩镂金 | gilded and colored, elegant and refined | - |
| 词曲 | Ci (lyric) and Qu (melody) | - |
| 词 | Ci (lyric) | - |
| 春秋 | the spring and autumn annals | - |
| 春秋 | the spring and autumn period | - |
| 诚意 | be sincere in thought | - |
| 沉郁 | melancholy | - |
| 变化 | change | - |
| 白描 | plain line drawing | - |
| 总集 | general collection | - |
| 总集 | general anthology | - |
| 自强不息 | striving continuously to strengthen oneself | - |
| 止戈为武 | Stopping war is a true craft of war. | - |
| 知行 | knowledge and application | - |
| 政治 | decree and governance | - |
| 政治 | decree and politics | - |
| 元 | Yuan (origin) | - |
| 宇宙 | universe | - |
| 宇宙 | cosmos | - |
| 意兴 | inspirational appreciation | - |
| 意境 | aesthetic conception | - |
| 艺术 | art | - |
| 养民 | nurturing the people | - |
| 学 | learn | - |
| 虚壹而静 | open-mindedness, concentration, and tranquility | - |
| 形而下 | what is under form | - |
| 形而下 | the physical | - |
| 形而上 | what is above form | - |
| 形而上 | the metaphysical | - |
| 兴趣 | Xingqu (charm) | - |
| 兴寄 | Xingji (association and inner sustenance) | - |
| 小人 | petty man | - |
| 逍遥 | carefree | - |
| 五经 | five classics | - |
| 吴越同舟 | People of Wu and Yue are in the same boat. | - |
| 文章 | literary writing | - |
| 文学 | literature | - |
| 文笔 | writing and writing technique | - |
| 温柔敦厚 | mild, gentle, sincere, and broadminded | - |
| 天子 | son of heaven | - |
| 天人之分 | distinction between man and heaven | - |
| 天人合一 | Heaven and man are united as one. | - |
| 体 | Ti | - |
| 四书 | four books | - |
| 四海 | four seas | - |
| 四端 | four initiators | - |
| 斯文 | be cultured and refined | - |
| 思 | reflecting | - |
| 思 | thinking | - |
| 实事求是 | seek truth from facts | - |
| 诗中有画，画中有诗 | painting in poetry, poetry in painting | - |
| 诗史 | historical poetry | - |
| 师出有名 | fighting a war with a moral justification | - |
| 神韵 | elegant subtlety | - |
| 神与物游 | interaction between the mind and the subject matter | - |
| 上善若水 | Great virtue is like water. | - |
| 上帝 | supreme ruler | - |
| 上帝 | ruler of heaven | - |
| 三玄 | three metaphysical classics | - |
| 人文 | Renwen | - |
| 人道 | way of man | - |
| 取境 | Qujing (conceptualize an aestheric feeling) | - |
| 乾 | Qian | - |
| 气象 | prevailing features | - |
| 命 | mandate | - |
| 命 | destiny | - |
| 名实 | name and substance | - |
| 民胞物与 | All people are my brothers and sisters, and all things are my companions. | - |
| 妙悟 | subtle insight | - |
| 礼 | Li (rites / social norms) | - |
| 坤 | Kun | - |
| 开物成务 | understand things and succeed in one’s endeavors | - |
| 君子 | Junzi (man of virtue) | - |
| 君 | lord | - |
| 君 | nobility | - |
| 君 | monarch | - |
| 居安思危 | be on alert against potential danger when living in peace | - |
| 境生象外 | Aesthetic conception transcends concrete objects described. | - |
| 境界 | Jingjie (visionary world) | - |
| 经世致用 | Study of ancient classics should meet present needs. | - |
| 经济 | to govern and help the people | - |
| 京（京师） | capital of a country | - |
| 解衣盘礴 | sitting with clothes unbuttoned and legs stretching out | - |
| 兼爱 | universal love | - |
| 活法 | literary flexibility | - |
| 浑沌 | chaos | - |
| 会心 | heart-to-heart communication | - |
| 画龙点睛 | adding pupils to the eyes of a painted dragon | - |
| 画龙点睛 | rendering the final touch | - |
| 画道 | Dao of painting | - |
| 化工、画工 | magically natural, overly crafted | - |
| 化干戈为玉帛 | beat swords into plowshares | - |
| 化干戈为玉帛 | turn war into peace | - |
| 厚德载物 | have ample virtue and carry all things | - |
| 和而不同 | harmony but not uniformity | - |
| 海外 | outside the four seas | - |
| 海外 | overseas | - |
| 海内 | within the four seas | - |
| 过犹不及 | Going too far is as bad as falling short. | - |
| 国体 | Guoti | - |
| 国家 | family-state | - |
| 国家 | country | - |
| 卦爻 | trigrams and component lines | - |
| 格物致知 | study things to acquire knowledge | - |
| 革命 | changing the mandate / revolution | - |
| 刚柔 | Gang and Rou | - |
| 干城 | shield and fortress | - |
| 干城 | dukes and princes | - |
| 非攻 | denouncing unjust wars | - |
| 法不阿贵 | The law does not favor the rich and powerful. | - |
| 独化 | self-driven development | - |
| 都 | metropolis | - |
| 道法自然 | Dao operates naturally. | - |
| 辞达 | expressiveness | - |
| 唇亡齿寒 | Once the lips are gone, the teeth will feel cold. | - |
| 楚辞 | Chuci (Ode of Chu) | - |
| 城 | fortress | - |
| 城 | city | - |
| 别集 | individual collection | - |
| 别材别趣 | distinct subject and artistic taste | - |
| 辨体 | style differentiation | - |
| 比德 | virtue comparison | - |
| 本色 | Bense (original character) | - |
| 八卦 | eight trigrams | - |
| 安土重迁 | attached to the land and unwilling to move | - |
| 隐秀 | latent sentiment and evident beauty | - |
| 一 | the one | - |
| 选举 | select and recommend | - |
| 虚静 | void and peace | - |
| 性灵 | Xingling (inner self) | - |
| 太学 | imperial academy | - |
| 书院 | classical academy | - |
| 史才三长 | three strengths of a good historian | - |
| 圣 | sage | - |
| 圣 | sageness | - |
| 神 | Shen (spirit / spiritual) | - |
| 社稷 | Sheji (gods of the earth and the five grains) | - |
| 民惟邦本 | people being the foundation of the state | - |
| 美刺 | extolment and satirical criticism | - |
| 六义 | the six basic elements | - |
| 六经皆史 | The six confucian classics are all about history. | - |
| 科举 | the imperial civil examination system | - |
| 江山 | rivers and mountains | - |
| 江山 | country or state power | - |
| 肌理 | reasoning and structure | - |
| 讽谕 | subtle admonition | - |
| 悲慨 | melancholy and resentment | - |
| 信言不美，美言不信 | Trustworthy words may not be fine-sounding; fine-sounding words may not be trustworthy. | - |
| 象外之象，景外之景 | The image beyond an image, the scene beyond a scene. | - |
| 声一无听，物一无文 | A single note does not compose a melodious tune, nor does a single color make a beautiful pattern. | - |
| 厉与西施，道通为一 | A scabby person and the beautiful lady Xishi are the same in the eyes of Dao. | - |
| 乐而不淫，哀而不伤 | express enjoyment without indulgence and express grief without excessive distress | - |
| 不学《诗》，无以言 | You won’t be able to talk properly with others without studying the book of songs. | - |
| 有德者必有言 | Virtuous people are sure to produce fine writing. | - |
| 自然英旨 | charm of spontaneity | - |
| 紫之夺朱 | purple prevailing over red | - |
| 有教无类 | education for all without discrimination | - |
| 修齐治平 | self-cultivation, family regulation, state Governance, bringing peace to all under heaven | - |
| 兴观群怨 | stimulation, contemplation, communication, and criticism | - |
| 协和万邦 | coexistence of all in harmony | - |
| 文以载道 | Literature is the vehicle of ideas. | - |
| 为政以德 | governance based on virtue | - |
| 顺天应人 | follow the mandate of heaven and comply with the wishes of the people | - |
| 人文化成 | Ren Wen Hua Cheng | - |
| 利用厚生 | make full use of resources to enrich the people | - |
| 怀远以德 | embrace distant peoples by means of virtue | - |
| 发愤著书 | Indignation spurs one to write great works. | - |
| 诗缘情 | Poetry springs from emotions. | - |
| 诗言志 | Poetry expresses aspirations. | - |
| 赋比兴 | narrative, analogy, and association | - |
| 风雅颂 | ballad, court hymn, and eulogy | - |
| 宗法 | feudal clan system | - |
| 自然 | naturalness | - |
| 滋味 | nuanced flavor | - |
| 中庸 | Zhongyong (golden mean) | - |
| 中华 | Zhonghua | - |
| 中国 | Zhongguo (China) | - |
| 直寻 | direct quest | - |
| 知音 | resonance and empathy | - |
| 缘起 | dependent origination | - |
| 有无 | You and Wu | - |
| 阴阳 | Yin and Yang | - |
| 意象 | Yixiang (imagery) | - |
| 养气 | cultivating Qi | - |
| 雅俗 | highbrow and lowbrow | - |
| 玄览 | Xuanlan ( pure-minded contemplation ) | - |
| 兴象 | Xingxiang (inspiring imagery) | - |
| 五行 | Wuxing | - |
| 无为 | non-action | - |
| 文气 | Wenqi | - |
| 文明 | Wenming (civilization) | - |
| 王道 | kingly way (benevolent governance) | - |
| 天下 | Tianxia (all under heaven) | - |
| 体用 | Ti and Yong | - |
| 体性 | style and temperament | - |
| 太极 | Taiji (the supreme ultimate) | - |
| 神思 | imaginative contemplation | - |
| 镕裁 | refining and deleting | - |
| 日新 | constant renewal | - |
| 人治 | rule by man | - |
| 情景 | sentiment and scenery | - |
| 良知 | Liangzhi (conscience) | - |
| 良史 | trustworthy historian | - |
| 良史 | factual history | - |
| 九州 | Nine Zhou (regions) | - |
| 教化 | shaping the mind through education | - |
| 华夏 | Huaxia | - |
| 格调 | form and melody | - |
| 封建 | feudal system | - |
| 法治 | rule by law | - |
| 大同 | universal harmony | - |
| 般若 | buddhist wisdom | - |
| 霸道 | despotic way | - |
| 本末 | Ben and Mo (the fundamental and the incidental) | - |
| 义 | righteousness | - |
| 虚 | Xu | - |
| 性 | Xing (nature) | - |
| 心 | heart | - |
| 心 | mind | - |
| 物 | Wu (thing / matter) | - |
| 王 | King | - |
| 天 | Tian (heaven) | - |
| 仁 | Ren | - |
| 趣 | Qu | - |
| 情 | Qing | - |
| 气 | Qi (vital force) | - |
| 理 | Li | - |
| 德 | De | - |
| 道 | Dao (way) | - |
| 诚 | sincerity | - |
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