术语分享 - 在线管理术语，术语管理，术语提取，标注术语

例句： Regular application of chemicals takes place according to the inputs received and is followed by a manual inspection of the farmer.

根据收到的投入定期施用化学品，然后由农民进行人工检查。

例句： The introduction of AI and ML in the agricultural practices for crop monitoring has a profound and positive impact on agriculture in general, as many of its aspects have been enhanced. AI in crop sowing is used essentially to drive predictive analytics to determine the best time and method in sowing.

在农作中引入人工智能（AI）和机器学习（ML）进行作物监测，改善了农业的许多方面从而对整个农业产生了深远而积极的影响(example8)。

例句： Arduino IDE: The Arduino Integrated Development Environment is the most common open-source and user-friendly developing environment.

Arduino IDE 全名阿尔杜伊诺集成开发环境，是最常见的开源的用户友好型开发环境，可用于编写和上传代码到Arduino 板或其他跨平台板如Nanonode。

例句： ·Spatial Variability: What is the rate of change in the spatial scale of the area under observation (e.g. dense or sparse)?

-空间可变性：被观测地区的空间尺度变化率是多少（如：密集还是稀疏）？

例句： In the world today, different wireless technologies and standards are used for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) based on specific needs for connectivity - namely,theavailabilityofpower (battery-driven or otherwise), local radio frequency regulations, the density of sensors, distance to the sensor, the frequency that sensors need to be read, the amount of data, the infrastructure, and beyond.The use of battery-or solar-operated sensor networks for monitoring vast agriculturalfields demands the use of reliable, secure,cost-effective, and low- powered connecting technology for the transmission of data from the source node to sink nodes via a gateway (i.e. a bridge between two networks).

如今，基于连接的具体需求，无线传感器网络（WSN）有不同的无线技术和标准，如电源的可用性（电池驱动或其他）、当地的无线电频率、传感器的放置密度、传感器的间隔、传感器需要被读取的频率、数据量、基础设施，等等。用电池或太阳能供电的传感器网络来监测广阔的农田，需要使用可靠、安全、高性价比、低功率的连接技术，通过网关（即两个网络之间的桥梁）将数据从源节点传输到汇节点。

例句： ·Nano-RK: An open-source, Real-Time Operating System (RTOS) [41] for WSN that is related to micro-controllers from the Carnegie Mellon University.Nano-RKreinforcesmultitasking, networking, and priority- based request processing.

-Nano-RK：一个开源的、用于 WSN 的实时操作系统（RTOS）[41]，基于卡内基梅隆大学的微控制器。Nano-RK 加强了多任务、网络和基于优先级的请求处理。

例句： With the introduction of 3G and 4G, third and fourth generations provide higher data rates of 200 Kbps and 100Mbps to 1Gbps in 3G and 4G respectively.

随着 3G 和 4G 的推出，第三代和第四代在 3G 和 4G 中分别提供了200Kbps 和 100Mbps 至 1Gbps 的更高数据速率。

例句： Due to overwhelming characteristics, sensor networks have found their way into diverse applications ranging from home, workplaces, environment, defense, advancedIndustry4.0,disaster management, intelligent transportation system, Agriculture 5.0, and beyond [1], [8].

鉴于以上优点，传感器网络可适用于不同场景，如家庭、工作场所、环境、国防、先进的工业 4.0、灾害管理、智能交通系统、农业 5.0 等[1], [8]。

例句： GPRS is apacket-basedwireless communication service for Global System for Mobile (GSM)-based cellular phones.

GPRS 是为基于全球移动系统（GSM）的为手机提供基于数据包的无线通信服务。

例句： In other words, a sensor node can be defined as “an electronic device with a limited power supply that is able to produce a measurable stimulus required to modify a physical condition that is being sensed by the node.”

换句话说，传感器节点可以被定义为 “一个电量有限的电子设备，能够产生改变节点感知信号的物理阈值”。

例句： This allows users to interact with multimediawebsitesandsimilar applications in real-time while using available mobile devices and computer systems.

这使得用户在使用现有的移动设备和计算机系统时，可以与多媒体网站和类似的应用程序实时互动。

例句： Adoption of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in Smart Agriculture

在智慧农业中使用无线传感器网络(WSN)

例句： Disruptive technologies have transformed agricultural practices and have caused the emergence of a new concept that is known as Agriculture 4.0.

颠覆性的技术已经改变了农业生产，引出了新概念，即农业4.0(example17)。

例句： The WSN that can be deployed in green houses can oversee environmental conditions and transmit this specific data to a storage location,after which the data is analyzed using an array of sophisticated tools and diagnostic models.Monitoringbecomeseasy; remote access to various elements like the irrigation system, light intensity system, temperature control system, etc is now possible. In modern times, a farmer can manage a number of processes through a smartphone.

部署在温室中的无线传感器网络（WSN）可以监测环境条件，并将特定的数据传输到存储器中，然后使用一系列复杂的工具和诊断模型来进行数据分析。监测不再困难；现在可以远程访问各种系统，如灌溉系统、光照强度系统、温度控制系统等。

例句： Predictions are done based on computational analysis. Both machine learning and deep learning are incorporated, and diseases and pest attacks can be forecasted using various algorithms.Convolutionalneural networks are also used to train the system.

此预测数据基于计算分析、机器学习和深度学习，可以用各种算法预测疾病和害虫的攻击。可用卷积神经网络训练该系统。

例句： Electro-chemical sensors are mobile electronic devices that determine changes in current, voltage, or the presence or composition of gas or liquid chemicals, and these convert the readings into visual outputs.

电-化学传感器是测定电流、电压或气体、液体化学品成分，并将数据转换输出为可视化数据的移动电子设备。

例句： Chlorophyll, leaf area index, leaf wetness, biosensors, or pH sensors have aided in the detection or prediction of the onset of various fungal or bacterial diseases.

叶绿素、叶面积指数、叶片湿润度、生物传感器或 pH 值传感器都有助于检测或预测各种真菌或细菌疾病。

例句： Agriculture 5.0 ：Artificial Intelligence, IoT and Machine Learning

农业 5.0：人工智能、物联网与机器学习

例句： The software design for sensor nodes usually needs to be accelerated, robust, fault-tolerant, occupying a small memory capacity,and bears high energy optimization for the evaluation of dynamic environmental data.The software needed for the nodes belongs to three categories:

传感器节点的软件设计特征：快速、稳健、容错率高、内存容量小，并能承载动态环境数据评估的高能耗优化。节点所需的软件有以下三类：

例句： The definition of site-specific crop management practice employs a strategy of meeting and managing the requirements of a specific crop on the basis of its need.

特定地点的作物管理实践的定义采用了根据特定作物的需要来满足和管理其要求的策略。

例句： Adoption of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in Smart Agriculture

在智慧农业中使用无线传感器网络(WSN)

例句： In the 1990s, an initiativewasspearheadedbythe University of California, Berkley with the blessing of Smart Dust, attained success in the development of the compact and affordable MEMS sensor.

20世纪 90 年代，加州大学伯克利分校在“智能微尘 ”的支持下率先提出了一项倡议，并成功开发了紧凑经济的 MEMS传感器。

例句： Light sensors are usually also referred to as photoelectric devices or photosensors.Phototransistors, photo-resistors CMOS sensor, contact image sensor, electro-optical sensor, flame de-tector, infrared sensor, LED as a light sensor,light-addressable potentiometric sensor, fiber optic sensors, optical position sensor, thermopile laser sensors,photoelectricsensor, scintillometer, and photodiodes are some of the more prevalent types of light intensity sensors [49],[51].

光传感器通常也被称为光电设备或光敏器。光敏电阻、光敏电阻CMOS 传感器、接触式图像传感器、电光传感器、火焰探测器、红外传感器、作为光传感器的 LED、可加光电位计传感器、光纤传感器、光位置传感器、热电堆激光传感器、光电传感器、闪烁仪和光电二极管是一些比较普遍的光强传感器[49],[51]。通常也被称为光电设备或光敏器。光敏电阻、光敏电阻CMOS 传感器、接触式图像传感器、电光传感器、火焰探测器、红外传感器、作为光传感器的 LED、可加光电位计传感器、光纤传感器、光位置传感器、热电堆激光传感器、光电传感器、闪烁仪和光电二极管是一些比较普遍的光强传感器[49],[51]。、火焰探测器、红外传感器、作为光传感器的 LED、可加光电位计传感器、光纤传感器、光位置传感器、热电堆激光传感器、光电传感器、闪烁仪和光电二极管是一些比较普遍的光强传感器[49],[51]。的 LED、可加光电位计传感器、光纤传感器、光位置传感器、热电堆激光传感器、光电传感器、闪烁仪和光电二极管是一些比较普遍的光强传感器[49],[51]。

例句： Electro-chemical sensors are mobile electronic devices that determine changes in current, voltage, or the presence or composition of gas or liquid chemicals, and these convert the readings into visual outputs.

电-化学传感器是测定电流、电压或气体、液体化学品成分，并将数据转换输出为可视化数据的移动电子设备。

例句： In some particular tasks, these smart machines that are powered by AI are able to outperform a human expert. Such examples include the use of computer vision in image analysis .

在某些特定的任务中，如计算机视觉在图像分析中的应用中，这些基于人工智能的智能机器能够胜过人类专家。

例句： Biosensors bear a great scope in precision farming when it comes to monitoring soil microorganisms, water toxicity, disease detection, and environmental monitoring.

在监测土壤微生物、水的毒性、疾病检测和环境监测方面，生物传感器在精准农业方面具有广泛的应用范围。

例句： This group of sensors actively probes the environment - for example ，a sonar ，radar sensor，or certain types of seismic sensors.

这类传感器可主动探测环境。例如，声纳、雷达传感器或某些地震传感器。

例句： Adoption of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) in Smart Agriculture

在智慧农业中使用无线传感器网络(WSN)

例句： In some particular tasks, these smart machines that are powered by AI are able to outperform a human expert. Such examples include the use of computer vision in image analysis .

在某些特定的任务中，如计算机视觉在图像分析中的应用中，这些基于人工智能的智能机器能够胜过人类专家。

例句： A proximity sensor can detect the presence of objects usually within a range of up to several millimeters, and, in doing so, produce a usually dc output signal to a controller.

接近传感器通常可以检测到几毫米范围内的物体，如此便能产生直流的输出信号给控制器。

例句： Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are defined as, “a network of sensor nodes that are scattered over a region of interest to sense and collect physical, chemical, or biological data patterns that are either spatial or temporal in nature and transmits the data to a central station over a communication link through the network gateway” [1-3]. A WSN is formed by numerous secondary or primary mobile or stationary sensor nodes that are distributed spatially, sometimes even left unattended, and laid out in a predefined topological form (e.g. mesh or star) to collect designated information and transfer this to a remote central storage server for necessary and meaningful end action.

无线传感器网络（WSN）的定义是：“散布于所在区域的传感器节点网络，用于感知和收集具有空间或时间性质的物理、化学或生物数据模式，并通过网络网关的通信链路将数据传输到中心站”[1-3]。无线传感器网络（WSN）由众多二级或一级可移动或固定传感器节点组成，无人看管时，这些节点按空间分布，以预定的网状或星状拓扑形式布局，收集指定的信息，并将信息传输到远程中央存储服务器，以获取必要有意义的终端措施(example23)。

例句： Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Fuzzy Logic Controllers (FLCs) are some of the methods used in this process to attain high accuracy in regulating temperature and humidity.Thesetech-nologieshave contributed to transforming the traditional greenhouse into a smart intelligent greenhouse.

由于在调整温室气候时必须考虑各种参数，通过常规手段调整温度变成了一项繁琐的任务。调整过程可以使用人工神经网络（ANN ）和模糊逻辑控制器（FLC），以达到高度精确的温度和湿度调节(example10)。这些技术有助于将传统的温室转变为智能温室。

例句： Temperature sensors detect thermal parameters.Atemperaturesensor typically relies on an RTD or thermistor to measure the temperature of gases, liquids, or solids and convert this into an output voltage.

温度传感器可用于检测热参数。温度传感器通常依靠热电阻或热敏电阻来测量气体、液体或固体的温度并将其转换为输出电压。可用于检测热参数。温度传感器通常依靠热电阻或热敏电阻来测量气体、液体或固体的温度并将其转换为输出电压。

例句： An actuator can be linear or rotary, and it plays an important role in coordination with various sensors that are positioned in an agricultural field - such as automated irrigation systems or variable rate applications.Erdmann Corp., Hansen Motors, E-Motion, Inc.,Harmonic Drive,LLC,Bishop- Wisecarver Corp., Baelz North America,Pacific Industrial ServiceCo.,Micromatic LLC,OTP Industrial Solutions, and Island Components Group,Inc.are some of the leading manufacturing companies of actuators [49].

执行器可分为线性驱动器与旋转驱动器，执行器的作用是协调农田中的各种传感器--例如自动灌溉系统或可变速率应用。领先的执行器制造公司有 Erdmann Corp.（埃德曼公司）、Hansen Motors（汉森机电）、E-Motion, Inc.（电子运动公司）Harmonic Drive （哈默纳科商贸有限公司） , MicroMatic LLC( 微电气公司）、OTP Industrial Solutions（OTP 工业解决方案公司）和 Island Components Group（岛组件集团）[49]。

例句： Several techniques like Near Infrared Radiation (NIR), MIR and Raman spec- troscopy, spectral libraries, electrodes, thermal imaging, fluorescence kinetics, andelectromagneticradiationare available for analyzing certain properties like macro-nutrient presence (K, N, and P), moisture level, temperature, and compaction, for instance.

近红外辐射（NIR）、中红外和拉曼光谱、光谱库、电极、热成像、荧光动力学和电磁辐射等技术，可用于分析某些特性，如宏观营养素（K、N 和 P）、湿度、温度和压实度等。

例句： As their name implies, location sensors distinguish the position of something.

顾名思义，位置传感器可以辨别某物的位置。

例句： In the 1990s, an initiativewasspearheadedbythe University of California, Berkley with the blessing of Smart Dust, attained success in the development of the compact and affordable MEMS sensor.

20世纪 90 年代，加州大学伯克利分校在“智能微尘 ”的支持下率先提出了一项倡议，并成功开发了紧凑经济的 MEMS传感器。

例句： Transferring data management to a data portal makes it easier to control the processing and flow of information.

将数据管理转移到数据门户网站，使得信息的处理和流动更容易。

例句： Excellent Soil Management

卓越的土壤管理

例句： The micro-controller is a small computer placedonasinglemetal-oxide semiconductor that is an integrated circuit chip with power consumption defined in milliwatts or microwatts.The micro-controller is responsible for processing information as well as computing and controlling the other units of a node - comparable to the CPU of a computer.

微控制器是放置在单个金属氧化物半导体上的小型计算机，是一种集成电路芯片，其功耗仅以毫瓦或微瓦计算。微控制器就像计算机的CPU，负责处理信息，计算以及控制节点的其他单元。

例句： Sensors are the perfect and thorough choice to study such dynamic nutritional provisions behavior of agricultural setups because they provide an ac-curate measure of variability in real-time, and this is not possible with technologies like RS, GIS, GNSS, GPS, etc. Variable rate application has become useful in the application of fertilizer, herbicide, water, etc. [67-70].

传感器是研究动态农业营养规范的完美和彻底方法，因为传感器提供了对营养需求的实时准确测量，而这是遥感（RS）、地理信息系统（GIS）、全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）、全球定位系统（GPS）等技术无法做到的。可变速率在肥料、除草剂、水等的应用中都非常有用。[67-70].

例句： Temperature sensors detect thermal parameters.Atemperaturesensor typically relies on an RTD or thermistor to measure the temperature of gases, liquids, or solids and convert this into an output voltage.

温度传感器可用于检测热参数。温度传感器通常依靠热电阻或热敏电阻来测量气体、液体或固体的温度并将其转换为输出电压。

例句： SOSUS is still used by the NationalOceanographicand Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for marine mon-itoring.

时至今日，美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）仍然使用 SOSUS 进行海洋监测。

例句： In the world today, different wireless technologies and standards are used for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) based on specific needs for connectivity - namely,theavailabilityofpower (battery-driven or otherwise), local radio frequency regulations, the density of sensors, distance to the sensor, the frequency that sensors need to be read, the amount of data, the infrastructure, and beyond.The use of battery-or solar-operated sensor networks for monitoring vast agriculturalfields demands the use of reliable, secure,cost-effective, and low- powered connecting technology for the transmission of data from the source node to sink nodes via a gateway (i.e. a bridge between two networks).

如今，基于连接的具体需求，无线传感器网络（WSN）有不同的无线技术和标准，如电源的可用性（电池驱动或其他）、当地的无线电频率、传感器的放置密度、传感器的间隔、传感器需要被读取的频率、数据量、基础设施，等等。用电池或太阳能供电的传感器网络来监测广阔的农田，需要使用可靠、安全、高性价比、低功率的连接技术，通过网关（即两个网络之间的桥梁）将数据从源节点传输到汇节点。

例句： The water content that is present in the soil is referred to as soil moisture.

土壤中的水含量被称为土壤湿度。

例句： ·TerrestrialWSNs:acollectionof thousands of wireless sensor nodes that are placed over the ground in either a planned or random fashion in order to monitor the area.

-地面无线传感器网络：此类网络是成千上万的无线传感器节点的集合，节点以预设或随机的方式放置在地面上，以监测该地区。

例句： High signal-to-noise ratio and high resolution

3.高信噪比和高分辨率

例句： A chemical sensor based on the recognition of biological material is called a biosensor.

基于识别生物材料的化学传感器被称为生物传感器。

例句： Monitoring either acres of land or a small greenhouse with high resolution and multiple angles using a camera or an optical sensor is now possible.

相机或光学传感器使得以高分辨率和多角度监测数英亩土地或小型温室成为现实。

例句： In this case，the different types of batteries that are used for sensors areeitherrechargeableor non-rechargeable and are composed of electrochemical elements such as NiCd (Nickel Cadmium) and Lithium-ion ，among others.

在这种情况下，用于传感器的电池要么是可充电的，要么是不可充电的，并且由镍镉（镍镉）和锂离子等电化学元素组成。（镍镉）和锂离子等电化学元素组成。

例句： Intelligent agriculture is an important step toward sustainable agriculture

智能农业是走向可持续农业的重要一步(example4)。

例句： Pressure sensors are electro-mechanical devices that detect forces per unit area in gases or liquids and provide signals to the inputs of control and display devices.

压力传感器是检测气体或液体中单位面积的受力并为控制和显示设备的输入提供信号的机电装置。

例句： Accurate and early predictions of yield, disease, or other critical alerts regarding the soil or crop health have provided imperative support in minimizing loss and damage.

对产量、疾病或其他有关土壤或作物健康的关键警报的准确早期预测，有助于减少损失和损害。

例句： With the help of thermal imaging cameras and fluorescence-based sensors and mapping， real-time weed identification is useful in proximal differentiation and targetting of automated weedicide-spraying machines.

在热成像仪、基于荧光的传感器和地图的帮助下，实时杂草识别技术可用于自动除草机近距离区分杂草和自动除草剂喷洒器的定位。

例句： Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are defined as, “a network of sensor nodes that are scattered over a region of interest to sense and collect physical, chemical, or biological data patterns that are either spatial or temporal in nature and transmits the data to a central station over a communication link through the network gateway” [1-3]. A WSN is formed by numerous secondary or primary mobile or stationary sensor nodes that are distributed spatially, sometimes even left unattended, and laid out in a predefined topological form (e.g. mesh or star) to collect designated information and transfer this to a remote central storage server for necessary and meaningful end action.

无线传感器网络（WSN）的定义是：“散布于所在区域的传感器节点网络，用于感知和收集具有空间或时间性质的物理、化学或生物数据模式，并通过网络网关的通信链路将数据传输到中心站”[1-3]。无线传感器网络（WSN）由众多二级或一级可移动或固定传感器节点组成，无人看管时，这些节点按空间分布，以预定的网状或星状拓扑形式布局，收集指定的信息，并将信息传输到远程中央存储服务器，以获取必要有意义的终端措施(example23)。

例句： This is a group of passive sensors that are able to generate output by detecting modifications, refraction, or reflection in the electromagnetic spectrum or visible light and which ranges in frequency from “infrared” to “visible ， ” up to the “ultraviolet” light spectrum.

这是一组被动传感器，能够通过检测电磁波谱或可见光的频谱修正、折射或反射来输出数据，其频率范围包括“红外线”到 “可见光”，直至“紫外线”光谱。

例句： These use sensors to detect motion in order to monitor objects that are in action on a real-time basis.

此类网络使用传感器来检测运动，以便实时监测运动的物体。

例句： Intelligent Agricultural Robots

智能的农业机器人

例句： Intelligent agriculture is considered as an agricultural system that utilizes modern technologies like the internet platform, fog/edge computing, cloudcomputingandstorage,state-of-the-art“information and communication technology(ICT),” intelligent machines,and intellectualizationofagricultural management with special attention to the environment.

这促进了“智慧农作”的发展。

例句： ·TinyOS:An open-source, component-based,application-oriented, and low-power consuming operating system for an embedded system such as WSN that comes in a size as small as 400 bytes.

-TinyOS：一个用 nesC 语言编写的开源、基于组件和应用、低功耗的操作系统，大小仅 400 字节可用于如 WSN 等嵌入式系统。

例句： With the help of thermal imaging cameras and fluorescence-based sensors and mapping， real-time weed identification is useful in proximal differentiation and targetting of automated weedicide-spraying machines.

在热成像仪、基于荧光的传感器和地图的帮助下，实时杂草识别技术可用于自动除草机近距离区分杂草和自动除草剂喷洒器的定位。

例句： Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are defined as, “a network of sensor nodes that are scattered over a region of interest to sense and collect physical, chemical, or biological data patterns that are either spatial or temporal in nature and transmits the data to a central station over a communication link through the network gateway” [1-3]. A WSN is formed by numerous secondary or primary mobile or stationary sensor nodes that are distributed spatially, sometimes even left unattended, and laid out in a predefined topological form (e.g. mesh or star) to collect designated information and transfer this to a remote central storage server for necessary and meaningful end action.

无线传感器网络（WSN）的定义是：“散布于所在区域的传感器节点网络，用于感知和收集具有空间或时间性质的物理、化学或生物数据模式，并通过网络网关的通信链路将数据传输到中心站”[1-3]。无线传感器网络（WSN）由众多二级或一级可移动或固定传感器节点组成，无人看管时，这些节点按空间分布，以预定的网状或星状拓扑形式布局，收集指定的信息，并将信息传输到远程中央存储服务器，以获取必要有意义的终端措施(example23)。

例句： Several techniques like Near Infrared Radiation (NIR), MIR and Raman spec- troscopy, spectral libraries, electrodes, thermal imaging, fluorescence kinetics, andelectromagneticradiationare available for analyzing certain properties like macro-nutrient presence (K, N, and P), moisture level, temperature, and compaction, for instance.

近红外辐射（NIR）、中红外和拉曼光谱、光谱库、电极、热成像、荧光动力学和电磁辐射等技术，可用于分析某些特性，如宏观营养素（K、N 和 P）、湿度、温度和压实度等。

例句： Location or Proximity Sensor

位置或接近传感器

例句： Remote sensing that interprets information indirectly from the electro-magnetic spectrum and satellite motion that is dependent on the frequency of data has made RS rather inconvenient for real-time and continuous monitoring of farms [65].

用电磁波谱间接解释信息的遥感技术和取决于数据频率的卫星运动，使得通过遥感技术对农场进行实时和连续监测相当不便[65]。

例句： ·Underground WSNs: a type of network in which sensor nodes are buried deep inside the ground to collect information, whichusuallybecomescostlyas additional sensors are used to act as mediators on the ground for the transfer of information

-地下无线传感器网络：此类网络类型将传感器节点埋在地下以收集信息，但是花费通常很昂贵，因为需要使用额外的传感器用来调解地上信息传输。

例句： A biosensor is an analytical device that detects the presence of a chemical substance that is formed through interaction of a biological component-for example,tissue,microorganisms,organelles,cell receptors, enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, and beyond.

生物传感器是一种检测生物成分--例如，组织、微生物、细胞器、细胞受体、酶、抗体、核酸等相互作用形成的化学物质的分析装置。

例句： Arduino IDE: The Arduino Integrated Development Environment is the most common open-source and user-friendly developing environment.

Arduino IDE 全名阿尔杜伊诺集成开发环境，是最常见的开源的用户友好型开发环境，可用于编写和上传代码到Arduino 板或其他跨平台板如Nanonode。

例句： Various other web-based platforms for collecting and displaying geographical data exist - for example, Global Sensor Networks (GSN) and SenseWeb [22], [23].

存在各种其他基于网络的收集和显示地理数据的平台--例如，全球传感器网络（GSN）和敏感网络（SenseWeb）[22], [23]。

例句： Today, state-of- art WSNs require less maintenance, deployment constraints,and costs.Currently,the WSN domainhas motivated a significant amount of growth and support in building a number of application-specific software and hardware with minimal energy consumption but with routing algorithms, system security, and reliability.

如今，顶尖的无线传感器网络维护量更小、部署限制更少且成本更低廉。目前，无线传感器网络领域促进发明了一些特定应用、能耗更小但具有路由算法、系统安全和可靠性的软件和硬件。

例句： Furthermore, the wireless nature reduces installation costs and power consumption.

此外，无线的特性降低了安装成本和电力消耗。

例句： In other words, a sensor node can be defined as “an electronic device with a limited power supply that is able to produce a measurable stimulus required to modify a physical condition that is being sensed by the node.”

换句话说，传感器节点可以被定义为 “一个电量有限的电子设备，能够产生改变节点感知信号的物理阈值”。

例句： Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are defined as, “a network of sensor nodes that are scattered over a region of interest to sense and collect physical, chemical, or biological data patterns that are either spatial or temporal in nature and transmits the data to a central station over a communication link through the network gateway” [1-3]. A WSN is formed by numerous secondary or primary mobile or stationary sensor nodes that are distributed spatially, sometimes even left unattended, and laid out in a predefined topological form (e.g. mesh or star) to collect designated information and transfer this to a remote central storage server for necessary and meaningful end action.

无线传感器网络（WSN）的定义是：“散布于所在区域的传感器节点网络，用于感知和收集具有空间或时间性质的物理、化学或生物数据模式，并通过网络网关的通信链路将数据传输到中心站”[1-3]。无线传感器网络（WSN）由众多二级或一级可移动或固定传感器节点组成，无人看管时，这些节点按空间分布，以预定的网状或星状拓扑形式布局，收集指定的信息，并将信息传输到远程中央存储服务器，以获取必要有意义的终端措施(example23)。

例句： New sources of energy were discovered and used in machines - specifically, oil and gas.

人们发现了石油、天然气等新能源，并将其用于驱动机器。

例句： Its key attributes are real-time farm management,ahighdegreeof automation, and data-driven intelligent decision-making, agri-food supply chain efficiency, and food.Agriculture 4.0 will be further explained in the chapter, “Agriculture 4.0 - The Future.”

第四次工业革命的关键属性是实时农场管理，高度自动化，以及数据驱动的智能决策，高效的农业食品供应链和食品。农业 4.0 的相关信息将在 “农业 4.0--未来 ”一章中做进一步阐释。

例句： With the introduction of 3G and 4G, third and fourth generations provide higher data rates of 200 Kbps and 100Mbps to 1Gbps in 3G and 4G respectively.

随着 3G 和 4G 的推出，第三代和第四代在 3G 和 4G 中分别提供了200Kbps 和 100Mbps 至 1Gbps 的更高数据速率。

例句： Intelligent agriculture is considered as an agricultural system that utilizes modern technologies like the internet platform, fog/edge computing, cloudcomputingandstorage,state-of-the-art“information and communication technology(ICT),” intelligent machines,and intellectualizationofagricultural management with special attention to the environment.

这促进了“智慧农作”的发展。

例句： Data storage and management software (e.g. MongoDB, NoSQL, and more) and othercloud-basedplatforms(e.g. Hadoop, Oracle, Amazon, Google, among others) play a vital role in preserving voluminous information for future references.

MongoDB、NoSQL 等数据存储和管理软件和其他基于云的平台，如海杜普（Hadoop）、甲骨文（Oracle）、亚马逊、谷歌等在保存大量信息供未来参考方面发挥了重要作用。

例句： Another use of smart intelligent precision agriculture is that with the adoption of all of the components of PA in combination with smart and intelligent agriculture technologies like WSN, IoT, AI, ML, big data analytics, blockchain, etc., smart intelligent precision agriculture has paved way for the paradigm shift from “precision agriculture to “Agriculture 5.0.”

智慧精准农业的另一个用途是，随着精准农业的所有组成部分与 WSN、物联网（IoT）、人工智能（AI）、机器学习（ML）、大数据分析、区块链等智慧精准农业技术的结合，智慧精准农业为“精准农业”到 “农业 5.0”的范式转变铺平了道路。

例句： Smart agriculture is centralized on the efficient decisions that are high-lighted andleveragedwiththeuseof technologies like big data, GPS, GIS, drones, cloud computing and storage, edge/fog computing, IoT, etc. It is distinct from PA in the sense that it is not merely based on location information.

智慧农业以高效决策为导向，通过大数据、卫星定位系统（GPS）、地理信息系统（GIS）、无人机、云计算和存储、边缘/雾计算、物联网等技术，凸显了高效决策的优点。

例句： INTELLIGENT SENSORS VERSUS SMART SENSORS

智能传感器与灵巧传感器

例句： The digitization of agriculture refers to theevolutionofagriculturefrom “precision agriculture” to significantly more advanced,centralized,and knowledge- based production systems.

农业数字化是指农业从 “精准农业 ”向更先进、集中、基于知识的生产系统演变的过程。

例句： The tools and techniques that are used in digital farming include those present precision farming with the addition of intelligentnetworksanddata management tools.

数字农作中使用的工具和技术不仅囊括了当前精细农作使用的工具与技术还包括智能网络和数据管理工具。

例句： Optimized, complex systems are formed to use the gathered data in a smarter way.

为了更深入地利用收集的数据，人们对系统进行了优化升级，并形成了复杂的系统。

例句： AI and ML models have successfully been able to analyze heterogeneous data and data with a lot of noise more advantageously .

人工智能和机器学习模型已经能够准确地分析异构数据(不同结构的数据)，并且在分析噪声数据方面具有更大的优势。(example7)。

例句： Smart Intelligent Greenhouse

智能化智能温室

例句： Digital farming allows the user/farmer to decide the allocation of access rights so, in this aspect, the user can retain “ownership” of the data.

数字农作允许用户/农民决定与分配访问权，因此，用户可以保留数据的“所有权”。

例句： Monitoring either acres of land or a small greenhouse with high resolution and multiple angles using a camera or an optical sensor is now possible.

相机或光学传感器使得以高分辨率和多角度监测数英亩土地或小型温室成为现实。

例句： Analog to digital converters are used to digitize raw analog data of sensors, thus making this convenient for the micro-controller (^c) to analyze.

模数转换器可将传感器的原始模拟数据数字化，从而方便微控制器（^c）进行分析。

例句： am- perometric biosensors, potentiometric biosensors,impedimetric biosensors,and voltammetric biosensors.Other categories of biosensors include optical biosensors, wearable biosensors such as the SmartWatch heart rate monitor, thermometric biosensor, and piezoelectric biosensors [52], [53].

其他类别的生物传感器有光学生物传感器、可穿戴式生物传感器，如 SmartWatch 智能手表心率监测器、测温生物传感器和压电生物传感器[52], [53]。

例句： Each node senses the required data, either in digital or analog form, and forwards this to a central sink or another node with the help of predefined software or hardware rules over a secure communication channel for interpolation and generation of relevant outputs. Remote users can use the internet to control, monitor, and observe each action based on the inputs from the sensor data. Different sensor application approaches have been introduced in PA and are based on the following requirements:

每个节点以数字或模拟形式感知所需感知的数据，在安全通信通道上借助预定义的软件或硬件规则将其转发到汇聚节点或另一个节点，以便进行插值、生成相关的数据。

例句： For example, solar cells are embedded into nodes to absorb the sun's energy and convert it into electrical energy.

例如，将太阳能电池嵌入到节点中，吸收太阳能并将其转换成电能。

例句： An array of eco-friendly networked sensors will serve as the foundation,and this will help in elucidating critical spatio-temporal patterns of the field, trends in climate, plant ecophysiology, and hydrology, thus recording the response and actuating an automatic response in a real-time fashion and at a minimal cost.

生态友好型网络传感器系统将为这个目标打下基础，这将有助于阐明田地的关键时空模式、气候、植物生态生理学和水文学的趋势，从而记录反应并以最低成本实时启动自动反应。

例句： A number of camera or sound sensors are set up over the region of interest in order to capture required information.

将一些相机或声音传感器设置在所在区域，以捕获所需信息。

例句： The WSN that can be deployed in green houses can oversee environmental conditions and transmit this specific data to a storage location,after which the data is analyzed using an array of sophisticated tools and diagnostic models.Monitoringbecomeseasy; remote access to various elements like the irrigation system, light intensity system, temperature control system, etc is now possible. In modern times, a farmer can manage a number of processes through a smartphone.

部署在温室中的无线传感器网络（WSN）可以监测环境条件，并将特定的数据传输到存储器中，然后使用一系列复杂的工具和诊断模型来进行数据分析。监测不再困难；现在可以远程访问各种系统，如灌溉系统、光照强度系统、温度控制系统等。

例句： Electro-Chemical Sensors

电-化学传感器

例句： In some particular tasks, these smart machines that are powered by AI are able to outperform a human expert. Such examples include the use of computer vision in image analysis .

在某些特定的任务中，如计算机视觉在图像分析中的应用中，这些基于人工智能的智能机器能够胜过人类专家。

例句： Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are defined as, “a network of sensor nodes that are scattered over a region of interest to sense and collect physical, chemical, or biological data patterns that are either spatial or temporal in nature and transmits the data to a central station over a communication link through the network gateway” [1-3]. A WSN is formed by numerous secondary or primary mobile or stationary sensor nodes that are distributed spatially, sometimes even left unattended, and laid out in a predefined topological form (e.g. mesh or star) to collect designated information and transfer this to a remote central storage server for necessary and meaningful end action.

无线传感器网络（WSN）的定义是：“散布于所在区域的传感器节点网络，用于感知和收集具有空间或时间性质的物理、化学或生物数据模式，并通过网络网关的通信链路将数据传输到中心站”[1-3]。无线传感器网络（WSN）由众多二级或一级可移动或固定传感器节点组成，无人看管时，这些节点按空间分布，以预定的网状或星状拓扑形式布局，收集指定的信息，并将信息传输到远程中央存储服务器，以获取必要有意义的终端措施(example23)。

例句： The WSN that can be deployed in green houses can oversee environmental conditions and transmit this specific data to a storage location,after which the data is analyzed using an array of sophisticated tools and diagnostic models.Monitoringbecomeseasy; remote access to various elements like the irrigation system, light intensity system, temperature control system, etc is now possible. In modern times, a farmer can manage a number of processes through a smartphone.

部署在温室中的无线传感器网络（WSN）可以监测环境条件，并将特定的数据传输到存储器中，然后使用一系列复杂的工具和诊断模型来进行数据分析。监测不再困难；现在可以远程访问各种系统，如灌溉系统、光照强度系统、温度控制系统等。

例句： Human limitations in analyzing data and forming relations among various relevant parameters are examples; on the other hand, an AI-powered machine can use this information to recommend a method that can enhance crop quality.

此外，也为进一步提升作物质量打下了基础。人类在分析数据和确定各种相关参数之间的关系方面的局限性就是最好的例子；另一方面，基于人工智能的机器可以利用这些信息来推荐可以提高作物质量的方法。

例句： The sense organs present in a human being are the best metaphors of what a sensor node is and how it functions.

传感器节点及其运作方式相当于人类身上的感觉器官及其运作方式。

例句： With scarcity in water sources, effective water management and irrigation systems are essential in order to save this precious resource.

由于水源稀缺，有效的水管理和灌溉系统对节约宝贵的水资源至关重要。

例句： The design and cost- effectiveness of the three technologies have given birth to a new branch of potent networking hardware devices called sensors.

这三种技术的设计和成本效益催生了强力的网络硬件设备的新分支，即传感器。

例句： This was an underwater type ofnetworkwhichpossesseda hydrophone and an acoustic sensor that is placed inside the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean.

这是一个水下网络，由一个放置在太平洋和大西洋中的水听器和一个声学传感器组成。

例句： Data storage and management software (e.g. MongoDB, NoSQL, and more) and othercloud-basedplatforms(e.g. Hadoop, Oracle, Amazon, Google, among others) play a vital role in preserving voluminous information for future references.

MongoDB、NoSQL 等数据存储和管理软件和其他基于云的平台，如海杜普（Hadoop）、甲骨文（Oracle）、亚马逊、谷歌等在保存大量信息供未来参考方面发挥了重要作用。

例句： It the domain where the use of sensor technology has been extensively used [77].

传感器技术已经广泛应用于该领域[77]。

例句： It upholds remote management of in-situ sensors through dynamic reprogramming and remote login and advanced sensor OS features like multimodal prototyping, dynamic reprogramming,andremoteshells.

它坚持通过动态重新编程和远程登录对原位传感器进行远程管理，以及先进的传感器操作系统功能，如多模态原型设计、动态重新编程和远程外壳。尽管对实时应用也有一些帮助，MANTIS 仍处于成长阶段，在电源管理以及某些关键因素方面还需要做一些改进。

例句： Arduino IDE: The Arduino Integrated Development Environment is the most common open-source and user-friendly developing environment.

Arduino IDE 全名阿尔杜伊诺集成开发环境，是最常见的开源的用户友好型开发环境，可用于编写和上传代码到Arduino 板或其他跨平台板如Nanonode。

例句： It has a coverage of 8-10 meters with a data rate capacity of 1-24 Mbps.

覆盖范围为 8-10 米，数据率容量为 1-24Mbps。

例句： Smart agriculture is centralized on the efficient decisions that are high-lighted andleveragedwiththeuseof technologies like big data, GPS, GIS, drones, cloud computing and storage, edge/fog computing, IoT, etc. It is distinct from PA in the sense that it is not merely based on location information.

智慧农业以高效决策为导向，通过大数据、卫星定位系统（GPS）、地理信息系统（GIS）、无人机、云计算和存储、边缘/雾计算、物联网等技术，凸显了高效决策的优点。

例句： Industry 3.0 resulted in the advancement ofembeddedsystems,software engineering,andcommunication technologies.

工业 3.0 优化升级了嵌入式系统、软件工程和通信技术。

例句： A chemical sensor based on the recognition of biological material is called a biosensor.

基于识别生物材料的化学传感器被称为生物传感器。

例句： A biosensor is an analytical device that detects the presence of a chemical substance that is formed through interaction of a biological component-for example,tissue,microorganisms,organelles,cell receptors, enzymes, antibodies, nucleic acids, and beyond.

生物传感器是一种检测生物成分--例如，组织、微生物、细胞器、细胞受体、酶、抗体、核酸等相互作用形成的化学物质的分析装置。

例句： In an agricultural scenario, a WSN system consists of a group of biochemical sensors that are either analog or digital, as well as actuators.

在农业中，无线传感器网络系统由一组模拟或数字的生化传感器以及执行器组成。

例句： Further commercial development of hardware for sensors from companies such as Sensirion, Libelium, Decagon, XBee, METER, Intel, and Qualcomm has resultedinhighlyinnovative, multipurpose, diverse coverage areas, and cost-effective sensor designs.

Sensirion（盛思锐）、Libelium、Decagon、XBee、METER、Intel（英特尔）和 Qualcomm（高通）等公司对传感器硬件的进一步商业开发，带来了高度创新、多功能、多样化的覆盖区域和成本效益的传感器设计。

例句： When combined with proximal ground information from the sensors, airborne imagery and remote sensing are utilized to feed and build machine learning models to predict the yield of a certain crop for that season, the monitoring of harvesting time, and each growth stage for remotely located crop sites.

机载图像、遥感结合传感器的近端地面信息可提供、建立机器学习模型，以预测该季节某作物产量，监测收获时间，以及远程作物点的每个生长阶段。

例句： The different types of proximity sensors include inductive proximity sensors, capacitive proximity sensors, ultrasonic proximity sensors, photoelectric sensors, hall-effect sensors, and more.

接近传感器有电感式接近传感器、电容式接近传感器、超声波接近传感器、光电传感器、霍尔效应传感器，等不同种类的传感器。

例句： Duty sharing scheduling schemes, smoother terrain, short distances from the source to sink, and time synchronization among the nodes have significantly helped in solving power imbalance within the network.

分担责任的调度方案、更平滑的地形、缩短从源节点到汇聚节点的距离以及节点之间的时间同步都大大有助于解决网络中的功率不平衡问题。

例句： Light sensors are usually also referred to as photoelectric devices or photosensors.Phototransistors, photo-resistors CMOS sensor, contact image sensor, electro-optical sensor, flame de-tector, infrared sensor, LED as a light sensor,light-addressable potentiometric sensor, fiber optic sensors, optical position sensor, thermopile laser sensors,photoelectricsensor, scintillometer, and photodiodes are some of the more prevalent types of light intensity sensors [49],[51].

光传感器通常也被称为光电设备或光敏器。光敏电阻、光敏电阻CMOS 传感器、接触式图像传感器、电光传感器、火焰探测器、红外传感器、作为光传感器的 LED、可加光电位计传感器、光纤传感器、光位置传感器、热电堆激光传感器、光电传感器、闪烁仪和光电二极管是一些比较普遍的光强传感器[49],[51]。

例句： GPRS is apacket-basedwireless communication service for Global System for Mobile (GSM)-based cellular phones.

GPRS 是为基于全球移动系统（GSM）的为手机提供基于数据包的无线通信服务。

例句： It upholds remote management of in-situ sensors through dynamic reprogramming and remote login and advanced sensor OS features like multimodal prototyping, dynamic reprogramming,andremoteshells.

它坚持通过动态重新编程和远程登录对原位传感器进行远程管理，以及先进的传感器操作系统功能，如多模态原型设计、动态重新编程和远程外壳。尽管对实时应用也有一些帮助，MANTIS 仍处于成长阶段，在电源管理以及某些关键因素方面还需要做一些改进。

例句： The agriculture realm is possibly one of the most important fields in the world that have been provided with automation and smart devices that can perform functions that once traditionally needed human intervention.

农业领域可能是世界上最重要的领域之一，农业领域配备的自动化智能设备可代为执行以往人力干预才能执行的功能。

例句： It has a coverage of 8-10 meters with a data rate capacity of 1-24 Mbps.

覆盖范围为 8-10 米，数据率容量为 1-24Mbps。

例句： This allows users to interact with multimediawebsitesandsimilar applications in real-time while using available mobile devices and computer systems.

这使得用户在使用现有的移动设备和计算机系统时，可以与多媒体网站和类似的应用程序实时互动。

例句： Today, state-of- art WSNs require less maintenance, deployment constraints,and costs.Currently,the WSN domainhas motivated a significant amount of growth and support in building a number of application-specific software and hardware with minimal energy consumption but with routing algorithms, system security, and reliability.

如今，顶尖的无线传感器网络维护量更小、部署限制更少且成本更低廉。目前，无线传感器网络领域促进发明了一些特定应用、能耗更小但具有路由算法、系统安全和可靠性的软件和硬件。

例句： For this purpose, historical data plays a key role in crop management.Precisionagriculture requires insight that is acquired from a deeper analysis of the data so that every action bears maximum efficiency.

为提高作物产量和质量，历史数据在作物管理中起着关键作用。通过深入分析数据，精准农业得到相应决策，从而使每一个行动/措施都取得最大成效。

例句： am- perometric biosensors, potentiometric biosensors,impedimetric biosensors,and voltammetric biosensors.Other categories of biosensors include optical biosensors, wearable biosensors such as the SmartWatch heart rate monitor, thermometric biosensor, and piezoelectric biosensors [52], [53].

其他类别的生物传感器有光学生物传感器、可穿戴式生物传感器，如 SmartWatch 智能手表心率监测器、测温生物传感器和压电生物传感器[52], [53]。

例句： Further upgrades are limited in the case of the technological hardwarewhencomparedtothe possibilities of improvement offered by the data algorithms.

但是在技术硬件方面，与数据算法的改进空间相比，数字农作进一步升级的空间是有限的(example19)。

例句： Each micro-controller has a memory unit along with some programmable input/ output features.

每个微控制器都有一个存储单元，以及一些可编程的输入/输出功能。

例句： This is exploredthroughminimizingthe communication and messaging overheads with the help of enhancement in communication and data forwarding algorithms.

由于通信和数据转发算法的改进，可通过最大限度地减少通信和信息传递的开销来解决这个问题。

例句： Data from sensors can provide meaningful insights into the flowering seasons, the effect of biotic and abiotic factors, harvesting, and many more pertinent topics without harming plants or crops [71].

传感器的数据可以在不损害植物、作物的条件下对花期、生物和非生物因素的影响、收获以及更多相关的主题提供有意义的方案[71]。

例句： Further commercial development of hardware for sensors from companies such as Sensirion, Libelium, Decagon, XBee, METER, Intel, and Qualcomm has resultedinhighlyinnovative, multipurpose, diverse coverage areas, and cost-effective sensor designs.

Sensirion（盛思锐）、Libelium、Decagon、XBee、METER、Intel（英特尔）和 Qualcomm（高通）等公司对传感器硬件的进一步商业开发，带来了高度创新、多功能、多样化的覆盖区域和成本效益的传感器设计。

例句： Each sensor node has four main components:a micro-controller, a transceiver, a power source, and external memory, as shown in Figure 3.1, and this can either be analog or digital in nature .

每个传感器节点有四个主要部件：微控制器、收发器、电源和外部存储器，如图 3.1 所示，传感器可分为模拟传感器和数字传感器。

例句： The agriculture realm is possibly one of the most important fields in the world that have been provided with automation and smart devices that can perform functions that once traditionally needed human intervention.

农业领域可能是世界上最重要的领域之一，农业领域配备的自动化智能设备可代为执行以往人力干预才能执行的功能。

例句： Many sci-entists believe that judicious use of water in these irrigation systems is likely to have a positive global impact on water .

许多科学家认为，精确灌溉用水量可能会对全球水资源产生积极影响。

例句： The software design for sensor nodes usually needs to be accelerated, robust, fault-tolerant, occupying a small memory capacity,and bears high energy optimization for the evaluation of dynamic environmental data.The software needed for the nodes belongs to three categories:

传感器节点的软件设计特征：快速、稳健、容错率高、内存容量小，并能承载动态环境数据评估的高能耗优化。节点所需的软件有以下三类：

例句： Combining the collaborative power of different function types of wireless sensors in order to monitor large target areas has gained popularity during the last three decades, and this has grown to be known as wireless sensor networks or sensor web.

过去三十年里，综合不同功能类型的无线传感器以监测宽泛的目标区域已经得到了普及，这已经发展成了所谓的无线传感器网络或传感器网络。

例句： Accurate and early predictions of yield, disease, or other critical alerts regarding the soil or crop health have provided imperative support in minimizing loss and damage.

对产量、疾病或其他有关土壤或作物健康的关键警报的准确早期预测，有助于减少损失和损害。

例句： Bluetooth is a low-powered and less expensive communication protocol based on the IEEE 802.15.1 standard.

蓝牙是一种基于美国电气电子工程师学会（IEEE） 802.15.1 标准的低功率、低成本的通信协议。

例句： In the world today, different wireless technologies and standards are used for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) based on specific needs for connectivity - namely,theavailabilityofpower (battery-driven or otherwise), local radio frequency regulations, the density of sensors, distance to the sensor, the frequency that sensors need to be read, the amount of data, the infrastructure, and beyond.The use of battery-or solar-operated sensor networks for monitoring vast agriculturalfields demands the use of reliable, secure,cost-effective, and low- powered connecting technology for the transmission of data from the source node to sink nodes via a gateway (i.e. a bridge between two networks).

如今，基于连接的具体需求，无线传感器网络（WSN）有不同的无线技术和标准，如电源的可用性（电池驱动或其他）、当地的无线电频率、传感器的放置密度、传感器的间隔、传感器需要被读取的频率、数据量、基础设施，等等。用电池或太阳能供电的传感器网络来监测广阔的农田，需要使用可靠、安全、高性价比、低功率的连接技术，通过网关（即两个网络之间的桥梁）将数据从源节点传输到汇节点。

例句： Besides an operating system, a sensor node is often customized by using certain proprietary or free software as required to be used easily by a non-technical person.

除了操作系统，传感器节点通常通过使用某些专利或免费软件，以方便非技术人员使用，于是利用了一系列的软件编程语言和开发工具。

例句： Further advancements in technology have brought“smartintelligentprecision agriculture” into existence, which is a combination of all of the pioneering technology adopted - such as AI, ML concepts, deep learning concepts, and more - in a smart precision agricultural system with machines that have certain relevant artificial intelligence.

技术的进步催生了“智能智慧精准农业”。智能智慧精准农业结合利用了智慧精准农业系统中的人工智能、机器学习、深度学习概念等开创性技术与某些基于人工智能的机器。(example24)。

例句： Light sensors are usually also referred to as photoelectric devices or photosensors.Phototransistors, photo-resistors CMOS sensor, contact image sensor, electro-optical sensor, flame de-tector, infrared sensor, LED as a light sensor,light-addressable potentiometric sensor, fiber optic sensors, optical position sensor, thermopile laser sensors,photoelectricsensor, scintillometer, and photodiodes are some of the more prevalent types of light intensity sensors [49],[51].

光传感器通常也被称为光电设备或光敏器。光敏电阻、光敏电阻CMOS 传感器、接触式图像传感器、电光传感器、火焰探测器、红外传感器、作为光传感器的 LED、可加光电位计传感器、光纤传感器、光位置传感器、热电堆激光传感器、光电传感器、闪烁仪和光电二极管是一些比较普遍的光强传感器[49],[51]。

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