| 原文 | 译文 | 详情 |
|---|---|---|
| zh-cn | en-us | - |
| 本地产业 | local industries | - |
| 特色产业 | distinctive/specialty industries | - |
| 支柱产业 | pillar industries | - |
| 主导产业 | leading industries | - |
| 新兴产业 | emerging industries | - |
| 未来产业 | industries of the future | - |
| 产业集群 | industrial clusters | - |
| 产业链 | industrial chain | - |
| 供应链 | supply chain | - |
| 价值链 | value chain | - |
| 产业升级 | industrial upgrading | - |
| 产业转型 | industrial transformation | - |
| 产业帮扶 | industrial assistance | - |
| 产业帮扶资金 | industrial assistance funds | - |
| 产业扶贫 | poverty reduction through industrial development | - |
| 乡村振兴战略 | Rural Revitalization Strategy | - |
| 产业兴旺 | thriving businesses | - |
| 生态宜居 | pleasant living environment | - |
| 乡风文明 | social etiquette and civility | - |
| 治理有效 | effective governance | - |
| 生活富裕 | prosperity | - |
| 农业农村现代化 | modernization of agriculture and rural areas | - |
| 城乡融合发展 | integrated urban-rural development | - |
| 县域经济 | county economy | - |
| 乡镇企业 | township enterprises | - |
| 农民专业合作社 | farmers' specialized cooperatives | - |
| 农业产业化 | agricultural industrialization | - |
| 高标准农田 | high-standard farmland | - |
| 粮食安全 | food security | - |
| 粮食综合生产能力 | overall grain output capacity | - |
| 种子安全 | seed security | - |
| 耕地保护 | farmland protection | - |
| 农村土地流转 | rural land transfer | - |
| 农村集体产权制度 | rural collective property rights system | - |
| 农村一二三产业融合 | integration of primary, secondary and tertiary industries in rural areas | - |
| 农产品加工 | agricultural products processing | - |
| 农产品品牌建设 | branding of agricultural products | - |
| 农村电商 | rural e-commerce | - |
| 乡村旅游 | rural tourism | - |
| 特色小镇 | distinctive towns | - |
| 美丽乡村 | beautiful countryside | - |
| 创新驱动发展战略 | Innovation-driven Development Strategy | - |
| 产学研协同创新 | collaborative innovation among enterprises, universities and research institutions | - |
| 科技创新引领 | scientific and technological innovation as the driving force | - |
| 科技型中小企业 | tech SMEs | - |
| 专精特新中小企业 | SMEs that use specialized and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products | - |
| 独角兽企业 | unicorn companies | - |
| 瞪羚企业 | gazelle companies | - |
| 瞪羚企业、独角兽企业 | gazelle and unicorn companies | - |
| 高新技术企业 | high-tech enterprises | - |
| 制造业强国 | manufacturing power | - |
| 智能制造 | smart manufacturing | - |
| 数字经济 | digital economy | - |
| 数字产业化 | digital industrialization | - |
| 产业数字化 | industrial digitalization | - |
| 人工智能 | artificial intelligence | - |
| 具身智能 | embodied AI | - |
| 6G技术 | 6G technology | - |
| 量子科技 | quantum technology | - |
| 生物制造 | biomanufacturing | - |
| 绿色产业 | green industries | - |
| 循环经济 | circular economy | - |
| 绿色发展 | green development | - |
| 生态优先 | giving priority to ecological conservation | - |
| 双碳目标 | Dual Carbon Goals (Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality) | - |
| 碳排放达峰 | carbon emission peaking | - |
| 碳中和 | carbon neutrality | - |
| 能源结构优化 | energy mix optimization | - |
| 可再生能源 | renewable energy | - |
| 新能源产业 | new energy industry | - |
| 新能源汽车 | new energy vehicles | - |
| 南水北调工程 | South-to-North Water Diversion Project | - |
| 西气东输工程 | West-to-East Gas Pipeline Project | - |
| 西电东送工程 | West-to-East Power Transmission Project | - |
| 新型基础设施 | new infrastructure | - |
| 新基建 | new infrastructure construction | - |
| 5G基站建设 | 5G base station construction | - |
| 大数据中心 | big data centers | - |
| 工业互联网 | industrial internet | - |
| 人工智能创新应用 | innovative applications of AI | - |
| 传统产业改造升级 | transformation and upgrading of traditional industries | - |
| 落后产能淘汰 | elimination of outdated production capacity | - |
| 产能过剩 | overcapacity | - |
| 供给侧结构性改革 | supply-side structural reform | - |
| 扩大内需 | expanding domestic demand | - |
| 消费升级 | consumption upgrading | - |
| 投资于人 | use funds and resources to serve the people | - |
| 营商环境优化 | optimization of business environment | - |
| 减税降费 | tax cuts and fee reductions | - |
| 小微企业 | small and micro enterprises | - |
| 个体工商户 | self-employed households/individual businesses | - |
| 市场主体 | market entities | - |
| 民营经济 | private economy | - |
| 外商投资 | foreign investment | - |
| 自由贸易试验区 | pilot free trade zones | - |
| 海南自由贸易港 | Hainan Free Trade Port | - |
| 粤港澳大湾区建设 | Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Development | - |
| 京津冀协同发展 | Coordinated Development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region | - |
| 长江经济带发展 | Yangtze River Economic Belt Development | - |
| 西部大开发 | Western Development Strategy | - |
| 东北振兴 | Northeast Revitalization Strategy | - |
| 中部崛起 | Rise of Central China Strategy | - |
| 一带一路倡议 | Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) | - |
| 共建“一带一路” | Jointly Build the Belt and Road | - |
| 政策沟通 | policy coordination | - |
| 设施联通 | connectivity of infrastructure | - |
| 贸易畅通 | unimpeded trade | - |
| 资金融通 | financial integration | - |
| 民心相通 | closer people-to-people ties | - |
| 中欧班列 | China Railway Express | - |
| 丝绸之路经济带 | The Silk Road Economic Belt | - |
| 21世纪海上丝绸之路 | The 21st Century Maritime Silk Road | - |
| 绿色丝绸之路 | Silk Road of Green Development | - |
| 健康丝绸之路 | Silk Road of Health Cooperation | - |
| 数字丝绸之路 | Digital Silk Road | - |
| 中巴经济走廊 | China-Pakistan Economic Corridor | - |
| 中蒙俄经济走廊 | China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor | - |
| 区域协调发展 | coordinated regional development | - |
| 东部率先发展 | leading development of the eastern region | - |
| 中部地区崛起 | rise of the central region | - |
| 西部大开发新格局 | new pattern of Western Development | - |
| 革命老区振兴 | revitalization of old revolutionary base areas | - |
| 民族地区发展 | development of ethnic minority areas | - |
| 边疆地区发展 | development of border areas | - |
| 资源型地区转型 | transformation of resource-dependent areas | - |
| 海洋经济 | marine economy | - |
| 临港经济区 | port-side economic zones | - |
| 开发区 | development zones | - |
| 高新区 | high-tech zones | - |
| 自主创新示范区 | independent innovation demonstration zones | - |
| 国家自主创新示范区 | national independent innovation demonstration zones | - |
| 双创示范基地 | demonstration bases for mass entrepreneurship and innovation | - |
| 创业创新（双创） | Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation | - |
| 孵化器 | incubators | - |
| 众创空间 | maker spaces | - |
| 就业优先政策 | Employment First policy | - |
| 职业技能提升 | vocational skills improvement | - |
| 产教融合 | integration of industry and education | - |
| 以工代赈 | work-relief programs | - |
| 劳务输出 | labor export | - |
| 返乡创业 | returning to hometown for entrepreneurship | - |
| 新就业形态 | new forms of employment | - |
| 灵活就业 | flexible employment | - |
| 数字经济核心产业 | core industries in digital economy | - |
| 先进制造业 | advanced manufacturing | - |
| 现代服务业 | modern service industry | - |
| 生产性服务业 | producer services | - |
| 生活性服务业 | consumer services | - |
| 现代物流 | modern logistics | - |
| 跨境电商 | cross-border e-commerce | - |
| 对外贸易转型升级 | transformation and upgrading of foreign trade | - |
| 服务贸易 | trade in services | - |
| 国际产能合作 | international capacity cooperation | - |
| 对外投资 | outbound investment | - |
| 利用外资 | utilization of foreign capital | - |
| 营商环境评价 | business environment assessment | - |
| 放管服改革 | reform of government functions (streamlining administration, delegating powers, and improving regulation and services) | - |
| 证照分离 | separating operating permits from business licenses | - |
| 一网通办 | one-stop online government services | - |
| 最多跑一次 | maximum one visit (for government services) | - |
| 产权保护 | property rights protection | - |
| 知识产权保护 | intellectual property protection | - |
| 高价值发明专利 | high-value patents | - |
| 研发经费投入 | R&D spending | - |
| 科技成果转化 | commercialization of scientific research achievements | - |
| 技术市场 | technology market | - |
| 科技战略布局 | strategic layout of science and technology | - |
| 国家战略科技力量 | China's strategic capacity in science and technology | - |
| 重大创新基地 | major innovation bases | - |
| 创新平台 | innovation platforms | - |
| 国家重点实验室 | national key laboratories | - |
| 重组国家重点实验室体系 | reorganization of the national key laboratory system | - |
| 项目经费“包干制” | lump-sum project-funding | - |
| 零基预算 | zero-based budgeting | - |
| 制造业高质量发展 | high-quality development of manufacturing | - |
| 质量强国 | quality power | - |
| 品牌建设 | brand development | - |
| 标准引领 | standards leadership | - |
| 全面质量管理 | total quality management | - |
| 安全生产 | work safety/production safety | - |
| 民生项目 | livelihood projects | - |
| 民生福祉 | people's livelihood and welfare | - |
| 基本民生保障 | basic livelihood guarantees | - |
| 普惠性民生建设 | inclusive welfare programs | - |
| 基础性民生建设 | general welfare programs | - |
| 兜底性民生建设 | welfare programs that guarantee basic needs | - |
| 幼有所育 | access to child care | - |
| 学有所教 | access to education | - |
| 劳有所得 | access to employment | - |
| 病有所医 | access to medical services | - |
| 老有所养 | access to elderly care | - |
| 住有所居 | access to housing | - |
| 弱有所扶 | access to social welfare assistance | - |
| 高质量教育体系 | high-quality education system | - |
| 教育公平 | educational equity | - |
| 义务教育均衡发展 | balanced development of compulsory education | - |
| 学前教育 | preschool education | - |
| 职业教育 | vocational education | - |
| 高等教育 | higher education | - |
| 终身学习教育体系 | educational system for lifelong learning | - |
| 劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限 | average schooling years of working-age population | - |
| 健康中国 | Healthy China initiative | - |
| 健康服务 | health services | - |
| 公平可及的健康服务 | fair and accessible health services | - |
| 系统连续的健康服务 | systematic and consistent health services | - |
| 基本医疗保险 | basic medical insurance | - |
| 基本养老保险 | basic old-age insurance | - |
| 统筹城乡的养老保险制度 | pension schemes that cover both urban and rural residents | - |
| 可持续的养老保险制度 | sustainable pension schemes | - |
| 基本养老保险参保率 | basic old-age insurance coverage rate | - |
| 多层次社会保障体系 | multi-tier social security system | - |
| 社会保障兜底 | social security for poverty alleviation / subsistence allowances to meet basic needs | - |
| 城乡低保 | urban and rural subsistence allowances | - |
| 特困人员救助 | assistance to people in extreme difficulty | - |
| 临时救助 | temporary assistance | - |
| 医疗救助 | medical aid | - |
| 大病保险 | critical illness insurance | - |
| 长期护理保险 | long-term care insurance | - |
| 养老服务 | elderly care services | - |
| 居家养老 | home-based elderly care | - |
| 社区养老 | community-based elderly care | - |
| 机构养老 | institutional elderly care | - |
| 医养结合 | integrated medical and elderly care | - |
| 托育服务 | childcare services | - |
| 每千人口拥有3岁以下婴幼儿托位数 | nursery capacity for children under 3 per 1,000 people | - |
| 保障性住房 | government-subsidized housing | - |
| 公租房 | public rental housing | - |
| 廉租房 | low-rent housing | - |
| 棚户区改造 | shantytown redevelopment | - |
| 老旧小区改造 | renovation of old residential communities | - |
| 好房子 | quality homes | - |
| 安全、舒适、绿色、智慧的“好房子” | quality homes that are safe, comfortable, eco-friendly, and smart | - |
| 就业优先 | employment priority | - |
| 稳就业 | stabilize employment | - |
| 保居民就业 | ensure employment | - |
| 城镇调查失业率 | surveyed urban unemployment rate | - |
| 居民人均可支配收入 | per capita disposable income of residents | - |
| 收入分配制度改革 | income distribution system reform | - |
| 共同富裕 | common prosperity | - |
| 脱贫攻坚 | poverty alleviation/poverty elimination | - |
| 精准脱贫 | targeted poverty alleviation | - |
| 精准扶贫精准脱贫 | targeted poverty alleviation and elimination | - |
| 扶真贫、真扶贫 | help those in need and deliver genuine outcomes | - |
| 提高脱贫质量 | enhance the effectiveness of poverty elimination | - |
| 稳定脱贫长效机制 | long-term mechanism for stable poverty elimination | - |
| 不摘责任、不摘政策、不摘帮扶、不摘监管 | poverty alleviation duties, policies, assistance, and oversight continue | - |
| 摘帽不摘政策 | poverty relief policies continue after counties are removed from poverty list | - |
| 贫困县全部摘帽 | lift all poor counties out of poverty | - |
| 东西部扶贫协作 | east-west cooperation in poverty alleviation / paired-up assistance between the east and the west | - |
| 定点扶贫 | paired-up assistance in poverty alleviation | - |
| 社会扶贫 | social assistance in poverty alleviation | - |
| 专项扶贫 | special poverty alleviation programs | - |
| 金融扶贫 | financial measures for poverty alleviation | - |
| 健康扶贫 | health program for poverty alleviation | - |
| 教育扶贫 | poverty elimination through education | - |
| 生态补偿扶贫 | compensate impoverished residents for eco-environmental protection | - |
| 易地搬迁扶贫 | relocation of rural poor for poverty elimination | - |
| 公益岗位扶贫 | welfare jobs for poverty alleviation | - |
| 驻村帮扶 | resident work teams in poor villages | - |
| 扶贫小额信贷 | poverty alleviation microcredits | - |
| 阳光扶贫 | transparency in poverty alleviation | - |
| 大扶贫格局 | all-encompassing campaign against poverty | - |
| 深度贫困地区 | deeply impoverished areas | - |
| 三区三州 | the three regions and three prefectures (most impoverished areas) | - |
| 基本公共服务 | basic public services | - |
| 公共服务均等化 | equalization of public services | - |
| 基层社会治理 | community-level governance | - |
| 基层社会治理新格局 | new model of community-level governance | - |
| 网格化管理 | digital management for a matrix of urban communities | - |
| 网格化服务 | services for a matrix of urban communities | - |
| 社会治理共同体 | social governance with broad-based participation | - |
| 社会治理体系 | social governance system | - |
| 党委领导的社会治理体系 | social governance system led by Party committees | - |
| 政府负责的社会治理体系 | social governance system implemented by the government | - |
| 民主协商的社会治理体系 | social governance based on consultation | - |
| 社会协同的社会治理体系 | social governance based on coordination | - |
| 公众参与的社会治理体系 | social governance with broad participation | - |
| 法治保障的社会治理体系 | social governance based on the rule of law | - |
| 科技支撑的社会治理体系 | social governance supported by technologies | - |
| 新时代“枫桥经验” | the Fengqiao model in promoting social harmony in the new era | - |
| 社会治安防控体系 | system for maintaining public order | - |
| 公共安全体制 | public safety systems | - |
| 公共安全机制 | public safety mechanisms | - |
| 应急管理体制 | emergency management system | - |
| 统一指挥、专常兼备、反应灵敏、上下联动的应急管理体制 | emergency management system with unified command and reserves of regular and specialized staff, capable of quick response, and effective coordination at different levels | - |
| 国家安全体系 | national security system | - |
| 平安中国 | Peaceful China | - |
| 更高水平的平安中国 | Peaceful China on a higher level | - |
| 能源安全 | energy security | - |
| 网络安全 | cybersecurity | - |
| 安全生产 | workplace safety | - |
| 食品药品安全 | food and drug safety | - |
| 防灾减灾 | disaster prevention and mitigation | - |
| 应急救援 | emergency rescue | - |
| 疫情防控 | epidemic prevention and control | - |
| 公共卫生体系 | public health system | - |
| 疾控体系 | disease prevention and control system | - |
| 重大疫情防控体制机制 | institutional mechanism for major epidemic prevention and control | - |
| 城乡社区服务 | urban and rural community services | - |
| 便民服务 | convenience services | - |
| 志愿服务 | volunteer services | - |
| 慈善事业 | charity programs | - |
| 社会组织 | social organizations | - |
| 社会工作 | social work | - |
| 全民健身 | national fitness | - |
| 公共文化服务 | public cultural services | - |
| 文化惠民工程 | cultural projects for public benefit | - |
| 公共图书馆 | public libraries | - |
| 博物馆 | museums | - |
| 文化馆 | cultural centers | - |
| 体育设施 | sports facilities | - |
| 全民阅读 | nationwide reading | - |
| 精神文明建设 | cultural and ethical progress | - |
| 移风易俗 | transform outmoded customs | - |
| 婚丧嫁娶改革 | reform of wedding and funeral customs | - |
| 殡葬改革 | funeral reform | - |
| 厕所革命 | toilet revolution | - |
| 人居环境整治 | improvement of living environment | - |
| 农村人居环境整治 | rural living environment improvement | - |
| 污水治理 | sewage treatment | - |
| 垃圾处理 | waste disposal | - |
| 垃圾分类 | waste sorting | - |
| 农村饮水安全 | rural drinking water safety | - |
| 农村电网改造 | rural power grid upgrading | - |
| 农村公路建设 | rural road construction | - |
| 农村物流 | rural logistics | - |
| 城乡交通运输一体化 | integrated urban-rural transport | - |
| 智慧城市 | smart cities | - |
| 数字乡村 | digital villages | - |
| 数字政府 | digital government | - |
| 智慧社区 | smart communities | - |
| 基层减负 | easing burdens at the community level | - |
| 赋予地方更多自主权 | more authority delegated to local governments | - |
| 统筹城乡 | coordinating urban and rural development | - |
| 城乡用地增减挂钩 | exchange newly added cropland quotas with land for construction | - |
| 整合涉农资金 | integrate government funds for rural development | - |
| 两线合一 | unify the standard of rural poverty alleviation allowance and rural subsistence allowance | - |
| 综合施策 | holistic approaches | - |
| 因地制宜 | adopt measures in accordance with local conditions | - |
| 因户施策 | targeted measures for each household | - |
| 精准施策 | targeted measures/policies | - |
| 绣花功夫 | being meticulous like doing embroidery | - |
| 滴水穿石精神 | work with patience and perseverance | - |
| 底线任务 | bottom-line tasks | - |
| 全面小康 | moderate prosperity in all respects | - |
| 全面建成小康社会 | finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects | - |
| 现代化强国 | modern socialist power | - |
| 中国梦 | Chinese Dream | - |
| 中国式现代化 | Chinese path to modernization | - |
| 高质量发展 | high-quality development | - |
| 新发展阶段 | new development stage | - |
| 新发展理念 | new development philosophy | - |
| 新发展格局 | new development paradigm (dual circulation) | - |
| 国内国际双循环 | dual circulation (domestic and international) | - |
| 以国内大循环为主体 | domestic circulation as the mainstay | - |
| 国内国际双循环相互促进 | domestic and international circulations reinforcing each other | - |
| 供给侧 | supply side | - |
| 需求侧 | demand side | - |
| 中国共产党 | Communist Party of China (CPC) | - |
| 中共中央委员会 | Central Committee of the CPC | - |
| 中共中央政治局 | Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee (Politburo) | - |
| 中共中央政治局常务委员会 | Standing Committee of the Political Bureau (Politburo Standing Committee) | - |
| 中共中央总书记 | General Secretary of the CPC Central Committee | - |
| 中央书记处 | Secretariat of the CPC Central Committee | - |
| 中央军事委员会 | Central Military Commission | - |
| 中央纪律检查委员会 | Central Commission for Discipline Inspection | - |
| 中央政法委员会 | Commission for Political and Legal Affairs of the CPC Central Committee | - |
| 中央全面深化改革委员会 | Central Commission for Deepening Overall Reform | - |
| 中央全面依法治国委员会 | Central Commission for Law-based Governance | - |
| 中央财经委员会 | Central Commission for Financial and Economic Affairs | - |
| 中央外事工作委员会 | Central Foreign Affairs Commission | - |
| 中央网络安全和信息化委员会 | Central Commission for Cyberspace Affairs | - |
| 中央审计委员会 | Central Audit Commission | - |
| 全国人民代表大会 | National People's Congress (NPC) | - |
| 全国人大常委会 | Standing Committee of the NPC | - |
| 全国人大专门委员会 | NPC Special Committees | - |
| 全国政协 | Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC) | - |
| 全国政协常委会 | Standing Committee of the CPPCC | - |
| 国务院 | State Council | - |
| 国务院办公厅 | General Office of the State Council | - |
| 国务院组成部门 | constituent departments of the State Council | - |
| 外交部 | Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MFA) | - |
| 国防部 | Ministry of National Defense (MND) | - |
| 国家发展和改革委员会 | National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) | - |
| 教育部 | Ministry of Education (MOE) | - |
| 科学技术部 | Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) | - |
| 工业和信息化部 | Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) | - |
| 公安部 | Ministry of Public Security (MPS) | - |
| 民政部 | Ministry of Civil Affairs (MCA) | - |
| 司法部 | Ministry of Justice (MOJ) | - |
| 财政部 | Ministry of Finance (MOF) | - |
| 人力资源和社会保障部 | Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security (MOHRSS) | - |
| 自然资源部 | Ministry of Natural Resources (MNR) | - |
| 生态环境部 | Ministry of Ecology and Environment (MEE) | - |
| 住房和城乡建设部 | Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development (MOHURD) | - |
| 交通运输部 | Ministry of Transport (MOT) | - |
| 水利部 | Ministry of Water Resources (MWR) | - |
| 农业农村部 | Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs (MARA) | - |
| 商务部 | Ministry of Commerce (MOFCOM) | - |
| 文化和旅游部 | Ministry of Culture and Tourism (MCT) | - |
| 国家卫生健康委员会 | National Health Commission (NHC) | - |
| 退役军人事务部 | Ministry of Veterans Affairs (MVA) | - |
| 应急管理部 | Ministry of Emergency Management (MEM) | - |
| 中国人民银行 | People's Bank of China (PBOC) | - |
| 审计署 | National Audit Office (NAO) | - |
| 国务院国有资产监督管理委员会 | State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission (SASAC) | - |
| 国家税务总局 | State Taxation Administration (STA) | - |
| 国家市场监督管理总局 | State Administration for Market Regulation (SAMR) | - |
| 国家广播电视总局 | National Radio and Television Administration (NRTA) | - |
| 国家体育总局 | General Administration of Sport (GAS) | - |
| 国家统计局 | National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) | - |
| 国家医疗保障局 | National Healthcare Security Administration (NHSA) | - |
| 国家机关事务管理局 | National Government Offices Administration (NGOA) | - |
| 国家能源局 | National Energy Administration (NEA) | - |
| 国家粮食和物资储备局 | National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration | - |
| 国家数据局 | National Data Administration (NDA) | - |
| 国家乡村振兴局 | National Administration for Rural Revitalization | - |
| 国家国际发展合作署 | China International Development Cooperation Agency (CIDCA) | - |
| 国务院港澳事务办公室 | Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of the State Council | - |
| 国务院台湾事务办公室 | Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council | - |
| 国务院新闻办公室 | Information Office of the State Council | - |
| 国务院研究室 | Research Office of the State Council | - |
| 国务院发展研究中心 | Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC) | - |
| 中国工程院 | Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE) | - |
| 中国科学院 | Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) | - |
| 中国社会科学院 | Chinese Academy of Social Sciences (CASS) | - |
| 国家自然科学基金委员会 | National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) | - |
| 中央广播电视总台 | China Media Group (CMG) | - |
| 新华通讯社 | Xinhua News Agency | - |
| 人民日报社 | People's Daily | - |
| 中国外文局 | China Foreign Languages Publishing Administration (CIPG) | - |
| 当代中国与世界研究院 | Academy of Contemporary China and World Studies (ACCWS) | - |
| 中国翻译研究院 | China Academy of Translation (CAT) | - |
| 中国翻译协会 | Translators Association of China (TAC) | - |
| 国家主席 | President of the People's Republic of China | - |
| 国务院总理 | Premier of the State Council | - |
| 国务院副总理 | Vice Premier of the State Council | - |
| 国务委员 | State Councilor | - |
| 全国人大常委会委员长 | Chairman of the Standing Committee of the NPC | - |
| 全国政协主席 | Chairman of the CPPCC | - |
| 中央军委主席 | Chairman of the Central Military Commission | - |
| 最高人民法院 | Supreme People's Court (SPC) | - |
| 最高人民检察院 | Supreme People's Procuratorate (SPP) | - |
| 地方各级人民代表大会 | local people's congresses at various levels | - |
| 地方各级人民政府 | local people's governments at various levels | - |
| 省/自治区/直辖市 | provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities directly under the central government | - |
| 市/地级市 | cities/prefecture-level cities | - |
| 县/县级市 | counties/county-level cities | - |
| 乡/镇 | townships/towns | - |
| 街道办事处 | sub-district offices | - |
| 居民委员会 | neighborhood committees | - |
| 村民委员会 | villagers' committees | - |
| 基层党组织 | primary-level Party organizations | - |
| 党支部 | Party branches | - |
| 党组 | leading Party groups | - |
| 党委 | Party committees | - |
| 纪委 | commissions for discipline inspection | - |
| 组织部 | organization departments | - |
| 宣传部 | publicity departments | - |
| 统战部 | united front work departments | - |
| 政法委 | political and legal affairs commissions | - |
| 巡视组 | inspection teams | - |
| 中央巡视工作领导小组 | Central Inspection Leading Group | - |
| 推进“一带一路”建设工作领导小组 | Steering Group for the Belt and Road Initiative | - |
| 国家重大翻译项目审定工作委员会 | National Major Translation Project Approval Committee | - |
| 脱贫攻坚责任制 | poverty alleviation responsibility system | - |
| 中央统筹、省负总责、市县抓落实 | central leadership makes overall plans, provincial authorities take overall responsibility, and city and county authorities ensure implementation | - |
| 脱贫攻坚责任书 | poverty elimination pledges | - |
| 干部轮训 | rotation training of officials | - |
| 驻村工作队 | resident work teams in villages | - |
| 第一书记 | first secretaries (of Party branches in villages) | - |
| 大学生村官 | college-graduate village officials | - |
| 三支一扶 | community-level service programs for college graduates (teaching, healthcare, agriculture, and poverty alleviation) | - |
| 选调生 | selected graduates (for grassroots training) | - |
| 公务员 | civil servants | - |
| 事业单位 | public institutions | - |
| 国有企业 | state-owned enterprises (SOEs) | - |
| 非公有制经济组织 | non-public economic organizations | - |
| 行业协会商会 | trade associations and chambers of commerce | - |
| 中介服务机构 | intermediary service agencies | - |
| 中国共产党与世界政党高层对话会 | CPC in Dialogue with World Political Parties High-level Meeting | - |
| 中非合作论坛 | Forum on China-Africa Cooperation | - |
| 中阿合作论坛 | China-Arab States Cooperation Forum | - |
| 上海合作组织 | Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) | - |
| 亚太经济合作组织 | Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) | - |
| 金砖国家 | BRICS | - |
| 二十国集团 | G20 | - |
| 世界互联网大会 | World Internet Conference | - |
| 亚洲基础设施投资银行 | Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) | - |
| 丝路基金 | Silk Road Fund | - |
| 金砖国家新开发银行 | New Development Bank (NDB) | - |
| 亚欧会议 | Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) | - |
| 亚信会议 | Conference on Interaction and Confidence-building Measures in Asia (CICA) | - |
| 大湄公河次区域经济合作 | Greater Mekong Subregion Economic Cooperation (GMS) | - |
| 中亚区域经济合作 | Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) | - |
| 中国—东盟“10+1”机制 | China-ASEAN (10+1) Cooperation Mechanism | - |
| 中国—中东欧国家合作 | Cooperation between China and Central and Eastern European Countries (China-CEEC) | - |
| “十五五”开局之年 | the first year of the 15th Five-Year Plan period | - |
| 中央经济工作会议 | Central Economic Work Conference | - |
| 省委十二届十次、十一次全会 | the tenth and eleventh plenary sessions of the 12th Provincial Party Committee | - |
| 稳中求进、提质增效 | pursue progress while ensuring stability, improve quality and efficiency | - |
| 新质生产力 | new quality productive forces | - |
| 防范化解重点领域风险 | prevent and defuse risks in key areas | - |
| 稳就业、稳企业、稳市场、稳预期 | stabilize employment, enterprises, markets, and expectations | - |
| 质的有效提升和量的合理增长 | effective quality improvement and reasonable quantity growth | - |
| 社会和谐稳定 | social harmony and stability | - |
| 地区生产总值（GDP） | gross domestic product (GDP) | - |
| 固定资产投资 | fixed-asset investment | - |
| 社会消费品零售总额 | total retail sales of consumer goods | - |
| 进出口总额 | total import and export volume | - |
| 居民消费价格总水平 | overall consumer price level | - |
| 城镇新增就业人数 | new urban jobs / number of new urban employments | - |
| 转型发展 | transformation-driven development | - |
| 资源节约 | resource conservation | - |
| 环境质量 | environmental quality | - |
| 约束性指标 | binding targets | - |
| 扩大内需战略 | strategy of expanding domestic demand | - |
| “两新”政策 | policies for trade-ins of consumer goods and large-scale equipment renewal | - |
| 大宗消费 | bulk consumption | - |
| 提振消费专项行动 | special initiatives to boost consumption | - |
| 服务消费提质惠民行动 | initiatives to improve service consumption quality and benefit the people | - |
| 数字消费 | digital consumption | - |
| 绿色消费 | green consumption | - |
| 银发经济 | silver economy | - |
| 总部经济 | headquarters economy | - |
| 首发经济 | debut economy | - |
| 夜间经济 | nighttime economy | - |
| 民宿经济 | homestay economy | - |
| 宠物经济 | pet economy | - |
| 微短剧基地 | micro-drama production bases | - |
| 城乡商业流通体系 | urban and rural commercial circulation system | - |
| 寄递物流体系 | express delivery and logistics system | - |
| 带薪错峰休假 | paid staggered leave | - |
| 安全友好消费环境 | safe and consumer-friendly environment | - |
| 有效投资 | effective investment | - |
| 重大项目建设年 | Year of Major Project Construction | - |
| “两重”项目 | major national projects and major infrastructure projects | - |
| 省级重点工程项目 | key provincial-level projects | - |
| 雄忻高铁 | Xiong'an-Xinzhou High-Speed Railway | - |
| 武宿机场三期改扩建 | the third-phase expansion of Wusu Airport | - |
| 洪大高速 | Hongdong-Datong Expressway | - |
| 骨干水网 | backbone water network | - |
| 县域配套工程 | supporting projects at the county level | - |
| 太绥高铁 | Taiyuan-Suiyuan High-Speed Railway | - |
| 黄河古贤山西水资源配置工程 | Shanxi water resources allocation project of the Guxian Reservoir on the Yellow River | - |
| 交通基础设施投资 | investment in transport infrastructure | - |
| 水利投资 | investment in water conservancy | - |
| 市政基础设施投资 | investment in municipal infrastructure | - |
| 制造业投资 | investment in manufacturing | - |
| 人口高质量发展 | high-quality population development | - |
| 人力资源开发 | human resources development | - |
| 人才引进培育 | talent introduction and cultivation | - |
| “小而美”民生项目 | "small and beautiful" livelihood projects | - |
| 政府投资全过程管理 | whole-process management of government investment | - |
| 项目审批流程 | project approval procedures | - |
| 要素保障 | factor guarantee / resource guarantee | - |
| 绿电优势招商 | investment attraction leveraging green power advantages | - |
| 产业链招商 | industrial chain investment promotion | - |
| 科技成果招商 | investment promotion based on scientific and technological achievements | - |
| 全国统一大市场 | unified national market | - |
| 高标准市场体系 | high-standard market system | - |
| 市场准入壁垒 | market access barriers | - |
| “内卷式”竞争 | "involution-style" competition / cutthroat competition | - |
| 招标投标主体 | bidders and tendering entities | - |
| 知识产权助力转型发展行动 | initiative to support transformation-driven development through intellectual property | - |
| 质量强企强链强县 | strengthening enterprises, industrial chains, and counties through quality | - |
| 制度标准刚性约束 | rigid constraints of institutional standards | - |
| 市场监管执法 | market regulation and law enforcement | - |
| 流通规则和标准 | circulation rules and standards | - |
| 物流成本 | logistics costs | - |
| 能源转型 | energy transition | - |
| 能源科技创新9条路径 | nine pathways for energy science and technology innovation | - |
| 新型能源体系 | new energy system | - |
| 综合能源系统解决方案 | integrated energy system solutions | - |
| 绿色能源系统解决方案 | green energy system solutions | - |
| 煤炭智能绿色安全开采 | intelligent, green and safe coal mining | - |
| 产能接续 | production capacity succession / follow-up production capacity | - |
| 智能化煤矿 | intelligent coal mines | - |
| 绿色开采试点 | green mining pilot projects | - |
| 单井规模 | single-mine scale | - |
| 先进产能占比 | proportion of advanced production capacity | - |
| 新能源规模化基地化开发 | large-scale and base-oriented development of new energy | - |
| 晋北采煤沉陷区新能源基地 | new energy base in the coal mining subsidence area of northern Shanxi | - |
| 省级大型风光基地 | provincial-level large-scale wind and solar power bases | - |
| 风电光伏装机规模 | installed capacity of wind and solar power | - |
| 并网 | grid connection | - |
| 地热能 | geothermal energy | - |
| 生物质能 | biomass energy | - |
| 氢能 | hydrogen energy | - |
| 绿氨绿醇 | green ammonia and green methanol | - |
| 新一代煤电升级 | upgrading of next-generation coal-fired power | - |
| 清洁降碳 | clean and carbon-reducing | - |
| 安全可靠 | safe and reliable | - |
| 高效调节 | efficient regulation | - |
| 智能运行 | intelligent operation | - |
| 上大压小 | build large units and phase out small ones | - |
| 淘汰落后 | eliminate outdated capacity | - |
| 现役煤电机组 | existing coal-fired power units | - |
| 国电湖东 | Guodian Hudong (power plant project) | - |
| 同热三期 | Tongre Phase III (power plant project) | - |
| 新一代煤电试点项目 | pilot projects for next-generation coal-fired power | - |
| 线上线下融合 | online-offline integration (O2O) | - |
| 即时零售 | instant retail / on-demand retail | - |
| 智能穿戴设备 | smart wearable devices | - |
| 文旅融合 | cultural and tourism integration | - |
| 赛事经济 | sports event economy | - |
| 会展经济 | exhibition economy | - |
| 商圈智慧化 | smart upgrading of business districts | - |
| 县域商业体系建设 | county-level commercial system development | - |
| 直播电商 | live-streaming e-commerce | - |
| 一刻钟便民生活圈 | 15-minute convenience living circle | - |
| 首店经济 | first-store economy | - |
| 国货“潮品” | domestic trendy brands | - |
| 消费品以旧换新 | trade-in of consumer goods | - |
| 基础设施投资 | infrastructure investment | - |
| 新型基础设施（新基建） | new infrastructure | - |
| 专项债券 | special-purpose bonds | - |
| 中央预算内投资 | central government budget investment | - |
| 项目谋划储备 | project planning and reserve | - |
| 要素市场化配置 | market-based allocation of production factors | - |
| 用地保障 | land use guarantee | - |
| 融资渠道 | financing channels | - |
| 民间投资 | private investment | - |
| 政府与社会资本合作（PPP） | Public-Private Partnership (PPP) | - |
| 全生命周期管理 | full life-cycle management | - |
| 工程造价控制 | project cost control | - |
| 竣工验收 | completion and acceptance | - |
| 碳达峰 | carbon peak | - |
| 新型电力系统 | new power system | - |
| 源网荷储一体化 | integration of generation, grid, load, and storage | - |
| 多能互补 | multi-energy complementarity | - |
| 抽水蓄能 | pumped-storage hydropower | - |
| 新型储能 | new energy storage | - |
| 分布式光伏 | distributed photovoltaic (PV) | - |
| 分散式风电 | distributed wind power | - |
| 零碳园区 | zero-carbon industrial parks | - |
| 绿色工厂 | green factories | - |
| 低碳技术 | low-carbon technologies | - |
| 碳捕集、利用与封存（CCUS） | Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) | - |
| 能源利用效率 | energy efficiency | - |
| 能耗强度 | energy intensity | - |
| 碳排放强度 | carbon intensity | - |
| 煤炭清洁高效利用 | clean and efficient use of coal | - |
| 煤矸石综合利用 | comprehensive utilization of coal gangue | - |
| 矿山生态修复 | mine ecological restoration | - |
| 绿色矿山 | green mines | - |
| 智慧能源管理系统 | smart energy management systems | - |
| 跨部门综合监管 | cross-departmental integrated regulation | - |
| 公平竞争审查 | fair competition review | - |
| 反垄断 | anti-monopoly | - |
| 反不正当竞争 | anti-unfair competition | - |
| 社会信用体系 | social credit system | - |
| 企业全生命周期服务 | full life-cycle services for enterprises | - |
| 普惠金融 | inclusive finance | - |
| 中小微企业融资 | financing for SMEs | - |
| 企业合规经营 | corporate compliance | - |
| 需求侧管理 | demand-side management | - |
| 新发展格局 | new development paradigm | - |
| 黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展 | ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin | - |
| 中部地区崛起 | Rise of Central China | - |
| 新型城镇化 | new urbanization | - |
| 城乡融合 | urban-rural integration | - |
| 乡村振兴 | rural revitalization | - |
| 制造业强省 | manufacturing powerhouse (province) | - |
| 数字化转型 | digital transformation | - |
| 数实融合 | integration of digital and real economies | - |
| 产业链供应链韧性 | resilience of industrial and supply chains | - |
| 创新驱动发展战略 | innovation-driven development strategy | - |
| 产学研协同创新 | collaborative innovation among enterprises, universities and research institutes | - |
| 科技成果转化 | commercialization of scientific and technological achievements | - |
| 专精特新企业 | "specialized and sophisticated" enterprises (SMEs that use specialized and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products) | - |
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