术语分享 - 在线管理术语，术语管理，术语提取，标注术语

例句： At 0.1 Hz, it showed a decrease of about 2 decades at high temperature. This is directly related to changes in the conductivity values.

在0.1Hz高温时，大约下降了20年，这与电导率改变有直接关系。

例句： However, the limit temperature of the reversal behavior is shifted to higher temperatures as the frequency increases.

但随着频率增长，逆转趋势的极限温度也随之增高，介电损耗也概括地显示了数值的相同性能。

例句： The PEI sample of 10 mg was analyzed from -50 °C to 240 °C with a heating rate of 40 °C/min. This high scanning speed was chosen to amplify the curve of the power plot.

10mg样本的分析温度区间为-50 °C到240 °C，加热速度为40 °C / min，并采用了高扫描速度，以便加强功率曲线。

例句： The samples used in the both dielectric and the polarization current measurements were prepared by placing a coat of liquid varnish between two polyimide films (Kapton®).

极化电流和介质电流测量实验样本是两片聚酯酰亚胺薄膜（金手指胶带），两片薄膜中夹有清漆涂层。

例句： The current (I) value was obtained from the average current measured over the last 60 seconds. The 〇Dc was calculated using equation 2:

经过六十秒的平均电流测量后可获得电流（I）值，用公式二可以计算出σDC

例句： The real part of the conductivity AC (〇■ Ac) was also obtained by broadband dielectric spectroscopy through the imaginary part of the complex dielectric permittivity. The low frequency conductivity 〇〇 was obtained using the universal power law:

宽频介电谱通过复介电常数的虚部获得了交流电导率实部（σ’AC），用普适介电理论可获得低频电导率（σ’0）

例句： A first, Tgl, can be seen at around 39 °C and a second, Tg2, around 100 °C. The presence of two glass transitions suggests that the resin is a polymer blend with variable levels of miscibility.

第一次，Tg1在39°C左右，第二次，Tg2在100°C左右，2次玻璃化的出现证明树脂是一种有不同混溶性的聚合物共混物。

例句： Index Terms — Rotating machines, insulation system, impregnating resin, impregnating varnish, unsaturated polyesterimide, dielectric properties, DC conductivity, thermal aging, molecular relaxation, post cross-linking, polymer degradation, thermo-oxidation.

关键词：旋转电机；绝缘系统；浸渍树脂；浸渍漆；不饱和聚酯酰亚胺；介电性质；直流电导率；热老化；分子弛豫；后交联；聚合物降解；热氧化

例句： The s exponent calculated for the virgin sample is located between 0.94 and 1.10 for the temperature curves located between 139 and 240 °C respectively. For the aged sample, s is about 0.94. When s is close to 1, the AC conductivity is independent of temperature, showing a pure resistive behavior (ohmic conductivity) [24]. Whether the sample is virgin or aged, s is considered to be close to 1 for frequencies above 104 Hz. At low frequencies, the conductivity becomes independent of frequency and no longer shows a purely resistive behavior [25].

对应温度曲线139-240°C，适用于未处理样本的指数S在0.6-1，而适用于老化处理样本的S指数大约为0.94。当S值接近1时，交流电导率不受温度影响，出现纯电阻现象（欧姆电导率）[24]。无论是否老化处理，当频率高于104Hz时，S值都接近于1。当处于低频率时，电导率不受频率影响，且不再出现纯电阻现象[24]，其特征为出现一个显示传导现象的平台期。

例句： Index Terms — Rotating machines, insulation system, impregnating resin, impregnating varnish, unsaturated polyesterimide, dielectric properties, DC conductivity, thermal aging, molecular relaxation, post cross-linking, polymer degradation, thermo-oxidation.

关键词：旋转电机；绝缘系统；浸渍树脂；浸渍漆；不饱和聚酯酰亚胺；介电性质；直流电导率；热老化；分子弛豫；后交联；聚合物降解；热氧化

例句： This improved the device resolution, making it possible to highlight endothermic jumps related to the thermoset resin glass transition (Tg).

这样可以提高设备分辨率，从而使突出与热固性树脂玻璃化（Tg）有关的吸热暴涨变得可能。

例句： In 2015, in collaboration with Leroy Somer Company, she joined the LAPLACE Laboratory as a PhD student working on insulating resins to predict and model the lifespan of insulating systems.

2015年，以博士生身份与利莱森玛公司合作，加入LAPLACE实验室，研究绝缘树脂，从而预测绝缘系统的寿命并做出相关模型。

例句： Therefore, the development of impregnating varnish composed of polymer blends with “low” Tg appears very interesting for mechanical vibrations.

因此，研发混有“低”Tg的聚合物共混物的浸渍清漆对机械振动有重大意义。

例句： The PEI sample of 10 mg was analyzed from -50 °C to 240 °C with a heating rate of 40 °C/min. This high scanning speed was chosen to amplify the curve of the power plot.

10mg样本的分析温度区间为-50 °C到240 °C，加热速度为40 °C / min，并采用了高扫描速度，以便加强功率曲线。

例句： The mass losses of a 10 mg PEI sample was recorded while it was subjected to a heating ramp of 10 °C/min from 25° C to 400 °C under air atmosphere and.

在空气环境下，10mg分析样本的质量损失都得以记录，加热梯度为25 °C到400 °C，加热速度为10 °C/min 。

例句： The resulting changes in the PEI conductivity are also related to the variation of different intrinsic electrical parameters, such as charge carrier density and/or mobility.

PEI导电率产生的变化还与不同的内在电气参数变化有关，如电荷密度和/或移动性。

例句： Generally, the aging processes that could modify the polyester polarity are:

总体而言，能够改变聚酯极化的老化过程有：

例句： To better understand the thermal oxidation processes, some comparisons were made between chemical structures of both virgin and aged samples.

为了更好的了解热氧化过程，将未处理样本和老化样本化学结构进行了对比。

例句： UP resins are thermosetting polymers, the implementation of which leads to the formation of an infusible and insoluble cross-linked network. In recent decades, the performance of rotating machines has led to an increase in operating temperatures, which requires the use of resins that are more resistant to heat.

UP树脂是热固性聚合物，该物质可形成一个不熔不溶的交联线网。近几十年来，旋转电机的性能使其工作温度不断升高，所以需要更隔热的树脂，

例句： Benoit Petitgas received a PhD degree in Material for Electrical Engineering at Claude Bernard University, Lyon, France, in 2013.

贝诺伊特·佩蒂加斯2013年获得法国里昂第一大学电气工程材料博士学位。

例句： This post cross-linking phenomenon occurs frequently in unsaturated polyester resins during thermal treatment under an oxidative atmosphere [20-22].

在氧化环境下的热处理时，不饱和聚酯树脂中经常出现这种后交联现象[20-22]。

例句： The initial infrared signal of the virgin resin displays some peaks typically observed in polyester resins [28]:

首次分析未处理树脂的红外信号显示了一些可在聚酯树脂中观察到的代表性峰值[28]：

例句： To better understand the thermal oxidation processes, some comparisons were made between chemical structures of both virgin and aged samples.

为了更好的了解热氧化过程，将未处理样本和老化样本化学结构进行了对比。

例句： Figure 1. An example of the cross-linking process diagram using a polyester oligomer with end chain imide functions and a reactive diluent such as vinyltoluene.

图一：带酰亚胺特性终链的聚合物低聚物和如甲苯乙烯的活性溶液的后交联过程图

例句： The changes in these intrinsic electrical entities are related to the diffusion and reaction of oxygen with the PEI at high aging temperature.

内部电实质的转变与PEI在高老化温度下氧化反应和氧扩散有关。

例句： where J is the current density (A . m-2), E is the electric field (V . m-1), e is the sample thickness (m), S is the cros-sectional area of the measurement electrode (m2) and U is the applied voltage (V).

此公式中，J指电流密度（A . m-2），E指电场（(V . m-1），e指样本厚度（m），S指测量电极的断面面积（m2）,U指电压(V)。

例句： The initial infrared signal of the virgin resin displays some peaks typically observed in polyester resins [28]:

首次分析未处理树脂的红外信号显示了一些可在聚酯树脂中观察到的代表性峰值[28]：

例句： The results show large variations in both the real (s’）and the imaginary (s”）parts of the complex permittivity and in the DC conductivity (〇Dc) of the resin after aging.

结果表明老化树脂的复介电常数的实部（ε’）,和虚部（ε’’）以及直流电导率都存在巨大的变化。

例句： The diagram presented in Figure 14 describes the oxidation process of a PEI monomer. This diagram is proposed in relation with the infrared spectrum obtained and the processes reported in the literature [29, 30].

图14显示的结构图描绘了PEI单体的氧化过程，该图是根据获得的红外光谱和文章中提到的化学过程提出的[29,30]。

例句： where ⑴ is the angular frequency, s〇 is the vacuum permittivity, s'' is the imaginary part of the complex dielectric permittivity, A is a temperature-dependent parameter and ^ is the exponent of the “universal” power-law [16].

此公式中ω指角频率，ε0指真空介电常数，ε’’指复介电常数虚部，A指温度相关的参数。

例句： These results reveal an increase in these values at temperatures below 70 °C, which are close to the glass transition temperature (Ig) of the material.

这些结果表明，当温度低于70°C接近材料玻璃化温度（Tg）时，这些数值会上升。

例句： 1019, 1151, 1283 and 1703 cm-1 correspond to a broad absorbance in the fingerprint region due to C-O and C=O of ester groups;

1019, 1151, 1283 和 1703 cm-1：酯基C=O和C-O指纹区中的广吸光度

例句： The last finding concerns the formation of a new wide peak at 1600 cm-1 that corresponds to C=C double bonds.

最后我们发现在对应C=C双键的1600cm-1形成一个新的宽峰。

例句： The dielectric measurements were performed on both virgin and aged samples under a nitrogen gas jet in the temperature range of 50 °C to 250 °C with a ramp of 3 °C/min. The frequency range was from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. The data were obtained in the form of the dielectric complex permittivity (e* = er — where and are respectively the real and imaginary parts and are also called the permittivity and the dielectric losses).

在氮气环境下对未处理和老化处理样本进行了介电测试，温度区间为-50°C到250°C，加热速度为3 °C/min，频率范围为0.1Hz到1Hz，最终获得了复介电常数形式的数值。（ε*=ε’－iε’’， ε’ 和ε’’分别表示实部和虚部，又称介电常数和介电损耗）

例句： The thermal treatment seems improve the resin insulation properties for high measurement temperatures (> 70 °C).

热处理似乎可以提高树脂在高测量温度（>70 °C）下的绝缘性质。

例句： After thermal aging the infrared signal displays some changes that help to define an oxidation process of the resin.

老化反应后，红外线信号显示的一些变化有助于定义树脂的氧化过程。

例句： After aging, the dielectric properties of the resin increase over the range below the initial Tg. There must be an increase in polar groups or charge carriers, which are more easily oriented under an electric field.

老化处理后，当温度低于第一个Tg时，树脂的介电性质在整个范围中持续提高，极性基团或电荷也一定有所增长，他们在电场下更容易定向。

例句： The real part of the conductivity AC (〇■ Ac) was also obtained by broadband dielectric spectroscopy through the imaginary part of the complex dielectric permittivity. The low frequency conductivity 〇〇 was obtained using the universal power law:

宽频介电谱通过复介电常数的虚部获得了交流电导率实部（σ’AC），用普适介电理论可获得低频电导率（σ’0）

例句： The real part of the conductivity AC (〇■ Ac) was also obtained by broadband dielectric spectroscopy through the imaginary part of the complex dielectric permittivity. The low frequency conductivity 〇〇 was obtained using the universal power law:

宽频介电谱通过复介电常数的虚部获得了交流电导率实部（σ’AC），用普适介电理论可获得低频电导率（σ’0）

例句： Then, it leads to the formation of alkoxy radicals that undergo a scission on C-O-C bonds [30]. Finally, it results in the formation of carboxylic acid and aldehyde compounds by termination reaction when the oxygen of the reaction medium dissipates.

这些中间体会因多种因素和相邻的聚酯链发生反应，随后形成在C-O-C键上断链的烷氧基自由基[30]；最后，通过终止反应，在反应介质中的氧消散后形成羧酸和醛类化合物。

例句： He is currently a full professor at Paul Sabatier University and works on dielectric properties of organic insulators at the Laboratory of Plasma and Energy Conversion, LAPLACE.

目前在图卢兹第三大学任全职教授，并在拉普拉斯等离子体和能量转换实验室研究有机绝缘体的介电特性。

例句： The temperature corresponding to a 5% weight loss is usually defined as the degradation temperature (Td).

而达到降解温度（Td）时，树脂损耗了5%的重量。

例句： In order to assess the possible chemical aging that could be responsible for such electrical behavior, infrared analysis using the Fourier Transformer (FTIR) was performed.

为了评估可能导致此类电气行为的化学老化，我们利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）进行红外线分析。

例句： At Tg2, this component is completely in a rubbery state, while polymer component 2 starts to move to its rubbery state. Consequently, the global storage modulus starts to decrease from Tgi onwards and the decrease spreads over the whole temperature range between Tgi and beyond Tg2.

在Tg2时，该成分彻底转化为橡胶状，同时聚合物中的成分2开始橡胶化。因此，总储能模量从Tg1开始下降，当温度在Tg1之间和超过Tg2时，总储能模量在整个温度区间内都在下降。从Tg1开始下降，当温度在Tg1之间和超过Tg2时，总储能模量在整个温度区间内都在下降。

例句： ABSTRACT This work aims to investigate the electrical properties of both thermally aged and nonaged, commercially available impregnating varnish based on polyester-imide (PEI).

摘要：本文旨在研究PEI商用未处理浸渍漆和老化处理浸渍漆的介电性质。

例句： Generally, this is related to phase segregation or radical co-polymerization, which is not completed during the initial cross-linking reaction process [18-19].

通常，这与相位隔离或自由基共聚合有关,因为在首次后交联反应中，这些现象未完成[18-19]。

例句： The mass losses of a 10 mg PEI sample was recorded while it was subjected to a heating ramp of 10 °C/min from 25° C to 400 °C under air atmosphere and.

在空气环境下，10mg分析样本的质量损失都得以记录，加热梯度为25 °C到400 °C，加热速度为10 °C/min 。

例句： These two processes may be selective or statistical but the most common are statistical. Consequently, the different processes occur at random sites along the polymer chain segments.

两种过程可能会出现其一或同时出现，但通常是同时出现，因此不同的过程会随机出现在聚合物链段的某点上。

例句： The aged varnish was subjected to thermal aging at 240 °C for 4 weeks in an oxidative atmosphere.

老化浸渍漆在有氧环境和240 °C的温度下，经过了四周的老化处理。

例句： For the highest frequencies (104, 105 and 106 Hz), the conduction phenomenon does not appear on the dielectric loss curves because it is shifted to higher temperatures.

在最高频率（104，105，106Hz）传导现象因温度上升没有出现在介电损耗曲线上。

例句： The nature of the oxidation mechanisms, since the polymer network contains free radicals that accumulate in the bulk.

氧化机制的性质，.因为聚合物线网中含有大量积累的自由基。

例句： The physical, thermal and dielectric properties of a virgin resin are initially investigated using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS) in order to quantify the behavior of the virgin PEI network.

首先运用差示扫描量热法（DSC），热重量法（TGA）和宽频介电谱（BDS）研究未处理树脂的物理性质，热性质和介电性质，从而量化未处理PEI结构的特性。

例句： At 250 °C, the resin exhibits only 2.5% of weight loss, whichprobably consists of residual water and solvent elimination by COV removal.

在250°C时，树脂只损耗了2.5%的重量，其中可能包含了残余水和使用的COV消除溶剂。

例句： Many factors (temperature, electric field, vibrations, humidity, mechanical stresses, radiation, etc.) can induce reversible aging or irreversible degradation of the resins over time.

随时间流逝，会有诸多因素（温度，电场，振动，湿度，机械应力，辐射）导致树脂出现可逆转老化或不可逆转降解。

例句： In order to assess the possible chemical aging that could be responsible for such electrical behavior, infrared analysis using the Fourier Transformer (FTIR) was performed.

为了评估可能导致此类电气行为的化学老化，我们利用傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）进行红外线分析。

例句： A first, Tgl, can be seen at around 39 °C and a second, Tg2, around 100 °C. The presence of two glass transitions suggests that the resin is a polymer blend with variable levels of miscibility.

第一次，Tg1在39°C左右，第二次，Tg2在100°C左右，2次玻璃化的出现证明树脂是一种有不同混溶性的聚合物共混物。

例句： 1019, 1151, 1283 and 1703 cm-1 correspond to a broad absorbance in the fingerprint region due to C-O and C=O of ester groups;

1019, 1151, 1283 和 1703 cm-1：酯基C=O和C-O指纹区中的广吸光度

例句： The dielectric measurements were performed on both virgin and aged samples under a nitrogen gas jet in the temperature range of 50 °C to 250 °C with a ramp of 3 °C/min. The frequency range was from 0.1 Hz to 1 MHz. The data were obtained in the form of the dielectric complex permittivity (e* = er — where and are respectively the real and imaginary parts and are also called the permittivity and the dielectric losses).

在氮气环境下对未处理和老化处理样本进行了介电测试，温度区间为-50°C到250°C，加热速度为3 °C/min，频率范围为0.1Hz到1Hz，最终获得了复介电常数形式的数值。（ε*=ε’－iε’’， ε’ 和ε’’分别表示实部和虚部，又称介电常数和介电损耗）

电机绝缘浸渍漆